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In Vivo Lymphatic Circulating Tumor Cells and Progression of Metastatic Disease

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Deadly metastases occur when tumor cells are shed from primary tumor into lymph and blood that circulate in distinct networks of vessels and disseminate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) through the body. Therefore, detection of CTCs at potentially treatable early disease stage might im...

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Autores principales: Han, Mikyung, Watts, Julia Alex, Jamshidi-Parsian, Azemat, Nadeem, Urooba, Sarimollaoglu, Mustafa, Siegel, Eric R., Zharov, Vladimir P., Galanzha, Ekaterina I.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7650582/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33028044
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12102866
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author Han, Mikyung
Watts, Julia Alex
Jamshidi-Parsian, Azemat
Nadeem, Urooba
Sarimollaoglu, Mustafa
Siegel, Eric R.
Zharov, Vladimir P.
Galanzha, Ekaterina I.
author_facet Han, Mikyung
Watts, Julia Alex
Jamshidi-Parsian, Azemat
Nadeem, Urooba
Sarimollaoglu, Mustafa
Siegel, Eric R.
Zharov, Vladimir P.
Galanzha, Ekaterina I.
author_sort Han, Mikyung
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Deadly metastases occur when tumor cells are shed from primary tumor into lymph and blood that circulate in distinct networks of vessels and disseminate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) through the body. Therefore, detection of CTCs at potentially treatable early disease stage might improve patient survival. However, most efforts have been made to test CTCs in blood only. Here, we explored the clinically relevant photoacoustic and fluorescent flow cytometry for early in vivo detection of lymphatic CTCs using metastatic melanoma and breast cancer mouse models. We demonstrated the presence of detectable lymphatic CTCs at pre-metastatic disease, estimated correlation between CTCs, primary tumor, and metastasis, and observed parallel CTC dissemination by blood and lymph. Our findings suggest the use of lymphatic CTC testing in vivo as a new indicator of metastasis initiation, and combined assessment of two body fluids as a more promising diagnostic platform compared to existing mono-detection of blood CTCs. ABSTRACT: The dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by lymph fluid is one of the key events in the development of tumor metastasis. However, little progress has been made in studying lymphatic CTCs (L-CTCs). Here, we demonstrate the detection of L-CTCs in preclinical mouse models of melanoma and breast cancer using in vivo high-sensitivity photoacoustic and fluorescent flow cytometry. We discovered that L-CTCs are be detected in pre-metastatic disease stage. The smallest primary tumor that shed L-CTCs was measured as 0.094mm×0.094mm, its volume was calculated as 0.0004 mm(3); and its productivity was estimated as 1 L-CTC per 30 minutes. As the disease progressed, primary tumors continued releasing L-CTCs with certain individual dynamics. The integrated assessment of lymph and blood underlined the parallel dissemination of CTCs at all disease stages. However, the analysis of links between L-CTC counts, blood CTC (B-CTC) counts, primary tumor size and metastasis did not reveal statistically significant correlations, likely due to L-CTC heterogeneity. Altogether, our results showed the feasibility of our diagnostic platform using photoacoustic flow cytometry for preclinical L-CTC research with translational potential. Our findings also demonstrated new insights into lymphatic system involvement in CTC dissemination. They help to lay the scientific foundation for the consideration of L-CTCs as prognostic markers of metastasis and to emphasize the integrative assessment of lymph and blood.
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spelling pubmed-76505822020-11-10 In Vivo Lymphatic Circulating Tumor Cells and Progression of Metastatic Disease Han, Mikyung Watts, Julia Alex Jamshidi-Parsian, Azemat Nadeem, Urooba Sarimollaoglu, Mustafa Siegel, Eric R. Zharov, Vladimir P. Galanzha, Ekaterina I. Cancers (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Deadly metastases occur when tumor cells are shed from primary tumor into lymph and blood that circulate in distinct networks of vessels and disseminate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) through the body. Therefore, detection of CTCs at potentially treatable early disease stage might improve patient survival. However, most efforts have been made to test CTCs in blood only. Here, we explored the clinically relevant photoacoustic and fluorescent flow cytometry for early in vivo detection of lymphatic CTCs using metastatic melanoma and breast cancer mouse models. We demonstrated the presence of detectable lymphatic CTCs at pre-metastatic disease, estimated correlation between CTCs, primary tumor, and metastasis, and observed parallel CTC dissemination by blood and lymph. Our findings suggest the use of lymphatic CTC testing in vivo as a new indicator of metastasis initiation, and combined assessment of two body fluids as a more promising diagnostic platform compared to existing mono-detection of blood CTCs. ABSTRACT: The dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by lymph fluid is one of the key events in the development of tumor metastasis. However, little progress has been made in studying lymphatic CTCs (L-CTCs). Here, we demonstrate the detection of L-CTCs in preclinical mouse models of melanoma and breast cancer using in vivo high-sensitivity photoacoustic and fluorescent flow cytometry. We discovered that L-CTCs are be detected in pre-metastatic disease stage. The smallest primary tumor that shed L-CTCs was measured as 0.094mm×0.094mm, its volume was calculated as 0.0004 mm(3); and its productivity was estimated as 1 L-CTC per 30 minutes. As the disease progressed, primary tumors continued releasing L-CTCs with certain individual dynamics. The integrated assessment of lymph and blood underlined the parallel dissemination of CTCs at all disease stages. However, the analysis of links between L-CTC counts, blood CTC (B-CTC) counts, primary tumor size and metastasis did not reveal statistically significant correlations, likely due to L-CTC heterogeneity. Altogether, our results showed the feasibility of our diagnostic platform using photoacoustic flow cytometry for preclinical L-CTC research with translational potential. Our findings also demonstrated new insights into lymphatic system involvement in CTC dissemination. They help to lay the scientific foundation for the consideration of L-CTCs as prognostic markers of metastasis and to emphasize the integrative assessment of lymph and blood. MDPI 2020-10-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7650582/ /pubmed/33028044 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12102866 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Han, Mikyung
Watts, Julia Alex
Jamshidi-Parsian, Azemat
Nadeem, Urooba
Sarimollaoglu, Mustafa
Siegel, Eric R.
Zharov, Vladimir P.
Galanzha, Ekaterina I.
In Vivo Lymphatic Circulating Tumor Cells and Progression of Metastatic Disease
title In Vivo Lymphatic Circulating Tumor Cells and Progression of Metastatic Disease
title_full In Vivo Lymphatic Circulating Tumor Cells and Progression of Metastatic Disease
title_fullStr In Vivo Lymphatic Circulating Tumor Cells and Progression of Metastatic Disease
title_full_unstemmed In Vivo Lymphatic Circulating Tumor Cells and Progression of Metastatic Disease
title_short In Vivo Lymphatic Circulating Tumor Cells and Progression of Metastatic Disease
title_sort in vivo lymphatic circulating tumor cells and progression of metastatic disease
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7650582/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33028044
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12102866
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