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Multiple Non-Species-Specific Pathogens Possibly Triggered the Mass Mortality in Pinna nobilis
The fan mussel, Pinna nobilis, represents the largest bivalve endemic to the Mediterranean Sea. Since 2016, dramatic mass mortality of this species has been observed in several areas. The first surveys suggested that Haplosporidium pinnae (currently considered species-specific) was the main etiologi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7650684/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33066230 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10100238 |
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author | Scarpa, Fabio Sanna, Daria Azzena, Ilenia Mugetti, Davide Cerruti, Francesco Hosseini, Sepideh Cossu, Piero Pinna, Stefania Grech, Daniele Cabana, David Pasquini, Viviana Esposito, Giuseppe Cadoni, Nicoletta Atzori, Fabrizio Antuofermo, Elisabetta Addis, Piero Sechi, Leonardo Antonio Prearo, Marino Peletto, Simone Mossa, Marianna A. Saba, Tiziana Gazale, Vittorio Casu, Marco |
author_facet | Scarpa, Fabio Sanna, Daria Azzena, Ilenia Mugetti, Davide Cerruti, Francesco Hosseini, Sepideh Cossu, Piero Pinna, Stefania Grech, Daniele Cabana, David Pasquini, Viviana Esposito, Giuseppe Cadoni, Nicoletta Atzori, Fabrizio Antuofermo, Elisabetta Addis, Piero Sechi, Leonardo Antonio Prearo, Marino Peletto, Simone Mossa, Marianna A. Saba, Tiziana Gazale, Vittorio Casu, Marco |
author_sort | Scarpa, Fabio |
collection | PubMed |
description | The fan mussel, Pinna nobilis, represents the largest bivalve endemic to the Mediterranean Sea. Since 2016, dramatic mass mortality of this species has been observed in several areas. The first surveys suggested that Haplosporidium pinnae (currently considered species-specific) was the main etiological agent, but recent studies have indicated that a multifactorial disease may be responsible for this phenomenon. In this study, we performed molecular diagnostic analyses on P. nobilis, P. rudis, and bivalve heterologous host species from the island of Sardinia to shed further light on the pathogens involved in the mass mortality. The results support the occurrence of a multifactorial disease and that Mycobacterium spp. and H. pinnae are not necessarily associated with the illness. Indeed, our analyses revealed that H. pinnae is not species-specific for P. nobilis, as it was present in other bivalves at least three years before the mass mortality began, and species of Mycobacterium were also found in healthy individuals of P. nobilis and P. rudis. We also detected the species Rhodococcus erythropolis, representing the first report in fan mussels of a bacterium other than Mycobacterium spp. and Vibrio spp. These results depict a complicated scenario, further demonstrating how the P. nobilis mass mortality event is far from being fully understood. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7650684 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76506842020-11-10 Multiple Non-Species-Specific Pathogens Possibly Triggered the Mass Mortality in Pinna nobilis Scarpa, Fabio Sanna, Daria Azzena, Ilenia Mugetti, Davide Cerruti, Francesco Hosseini, Sepideh Cossu, Piero Pinna, Stefania Grech, Daniele Cabana, David Pasquini, Viviana Esposito, Giuseppe Cadoni, Nicoletta Atzori, Fabrizio Antuofermo, Elisabetta Addis, Piero Sechi, Leonardo Antonio Prearo, Marino Peletto, Simone Mossa, Marianna A. Saba, Tiziana Gazale, Vittorio Casu, Marco Life (Basel) Article The fan mussel, Pinna nobilis, represents the largest bivalve endemic to the Mediterranean Sea. Since 2016, dramatic mass mortality of this species has been observed in several areas. The first surveys suggested that Haplosporidium pinnae (currently considered species-specific) was the main etiological agent, but recent studies have indicated that a multifactorial disease may be responsible for this phenomenon. In this study, we performed molecular diagnostic analyses on P. nobilis, P. rudis, and bivalve heterologous host species from the island of Sardinia to shed further light on the pathogens involved in the mass mortality. The results support the occurrence of a multifactorial disease and that Mycobacterium spp. and H. pinnae are not necessarily associated with the illness. Indeed, our analyses revealed that H. pinnae is not species-specific for P. nobilis, as it was present in other bivalves at least three years before the mass mortality began, and species of Mycobacterium were also found in healthy individuals of P. nobilis and P. rudis. We also detected the species Rhodococcus erythropolis, representing the first report in fan mussels of a bacterium other than Mycobacterium spp. and Vibrio spp. These results depict a complicated scenario, further demonstrating how the P. nobilis mass mortality event is far from being fully understood. MDPI 2020-10-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7650684/ /pubmed/33066230 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10100238 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Scarpa, Fabio Sanna, Daria Azzena, Ilenia Mugetti, Davide Cerruti, Francesco Hosseini, Sepideh Cossu, Piero Pinna, Stefania Grech, Daniele Cabana, David Pasquini, Viviana Esposito, Giuseppe Cadoni, Nicoletta Atzori, Fabrizio Antuofermo, Elisabetta Addis, Piero Sechi, Leonardo Antonio Prearo, Marino Peletto, Simone Mossa, Marianna A. Saba, Tiziana Gazale, Vittorio Casu, Marco Multiple Non-Species-Specific Pathogens Possibly Triggered the Mass Mortality in Pinna nobilis |
title | Multiple Non-Species-Specific Pathogens Possibly Triggered the Mass Mortality in Pinna nobilis |
title_full | Multiple Non-Species-Specific Pathogens Possibly Triggered the Mass Mortality in Pinna nobilis |
title_fullStr | Multiple Non-Species-Specific Pathogens Possibly Triggered the Mass Mortality in Pinna nobilis |
title_full_unstemmed | Multiple Non-Species-Specific Pathogens Possibly Triggered the Mass Mortality in Pinna nobilis |
title_short | Multiple Non-Species-Specific Pathogens Possibly Triggered the Mass Mortality in Pinna nobilis |
title_sort | multiple non-species-specific pathogens possibly triggered the mass mortality in pinna nobilis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7650684/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33066230 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10100238 |
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