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Population Genomic Analysis of Mycoplasma bovis Elucidates Geographical Variations and Genes associated with Host-Types

Among more than twenty species belonging to the class Mollecutes, Mycoplasma bovis is the most common cause of bovine mycoplasmosis in North America and Europe. Bovine mycoplasmosis causes significant economic loss in the cattle industry. The number of M. bovis positive herds recently has increased...

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Autores principales: Kumar, Roshan, Register, Karen, Christopher-Hennings, Jane, Moroni, Paolo, Gioia, Gloria, Garcia-Fernandez, Nuria, Nelson, Julia, Jelinski, Murray D., Lysnyansky, Inna, Bayles, Darrell, Alt, David, Scaria, Joy
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7650767/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33050495
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101561
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author Kumar, Roshan
Register, Karen
Christopher-Hennings, Jane
Moroni, Paolo
Gioia, Gloria
Garcia-Fernandez, Nuria
Nelson, Julia
Jelinski, Murray D.
Lysnyansky, Inna
Bayles, Darrell
Alt, David
Scaria, Joy
author_facet Kumar, Roshan
Register, Karen
Christopher-Hennings, Jane
Moroni, Paolo
Gioia, Gloria
Garcia-Fernandez, Nuria
Nelson, Julia
Jelinski, Murray D.
Lysnyansky, Inna
Bayles, Darrell
Alt, David
Scaria, Joy
author_sort Kumar, Roshan
collection PubMed
description Among more than twenty species belonging to the class Mollecutes, Mycoplasma bovis is the most common cause of bovine mycoplasmosis in North America and Europe. Bovine mycoplasmosis causes significant economic loss in the cattle industry. The number of M. bovis positive herds recently has increased in North America and Europe. Since antibiotic treatment is ineffective and no efficient vaccine is available, M. bovis induced mycoplasmosis is primarily controlled by herd management measures such as the restriction of moving infected animals out of the herds and culling of infected or shedders of M. bovis. To better understand the population structure and genomic factors that may contribute to its transmission, we sequenced 147 M. bovis strains isolated from four different countries viz. USA (n = 121), Canada (n = 22), Israel (n = 3) and Lithuania (n = 1). All except two of the isolates (KRB1 and KRB8) were isolated from two host types i.e., bovine (n = 75) and bison (n = 70). We performed a large-scale comparative analysis of M. bovis genomes by integrating 103 publicly available genomes and our dataset (250 total genomes). Whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based phylogeny using M. agalactiae as an outgroup revealed that M. bovis population structure is composed of five different clades. USA isolates showed a high degree of genomic divergence in comparison to the Australian isolates. Based on host of origin, all the isolates in clade IV was of bovine origin, whereas majority of the isolates in clades III and V was of bison origin. Our comparative genome analysis also revealed that M. bovis has an open pangenome with a large breadth of unexplored diversity of genes. The function based analysis of autogenous vaccine candidates (n = 10) included in this study revealed that their functional diversity does not span the genomic diversity observed in all five clades identified in this study. Our study also found that M. bovis genome harbors a large number of IS elements and their number increases significantly (p = 7.8 × 10(−6)) as the genome size increases. Collectively, the genome data and the whole genome-based population analysis in this study may help to develop better understanding of M. bovis induced mycoplasmosis in cattle.
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spelling pubmed-76507672020-11-10 Population Genomic Analysis of Mycoplasma bovis Elucidates Geographical Variations and Genes associated with Host-Types Kumar, Roshan Register, Karen Christopher-Hennings, Jane Moroni, Paolo Gioia, Gloria Garcia-Fernandez, Nuria Nelson, Julia Jelinski, Murray D. Lysnyansky, Inna Bayles, Darrell Alt, David Scaria, Joy Microorganisms Article Among more than twenty species belonging to the class Mollecutes, Mycoplasma bovis is the most common cause of bovine mycoplasmosis in North America and Europe. Bovine mycoplasmosis causes significant economic loss in the cattle industry. The number of M. bovis positive herds recently has increased in North America and Europe. Since antibiotic treatment is ineffective and no efficient vaccine is available, M. bovis induced mycoplasmosis is primarily controlled by herd management measures such as the restriction of moving infected animals out of the herds and culling of infected or shedders of M. bovis. To better understand the population structure and genomic factors that may contribute to its transmission, we sequenced 147 M. bovis strains isolated from four different countries viz. USA (n = 121), Canada (n = 22), Israel (n = 3) and Lithuania (n = 1). All except two of the isolates (KRB1 and KRB8) were isolated from two host types i.e., bovine (n = 75) and bison (n = 70). We performed a large-scale comparative analysis of M. bovis genomes by integrating 103 publicly available genomes and our dataset (250 total genomes). Whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based phylogeny using M. agalactiae as an outgroup revealed that M. bovis population structure is composed of five different clades. USA isolates showed a high degree of genomic divergence in comparison to the Australian isolates. Based on host of origin, all the isolates in clade IV was of bovine origin, whereas majority of the isolates in clades III and V was of bison origin. Our comparative genome analysis also revealed that M. bovis has an open pangenome with a large breadth of unexplored diversity of genes. The function based analysis of autogenous vaccine candidates (n = 10) included in this study revealed that their functional diversity does not span the genomic diversity observed in all five clades identified in this study. Our study also found that M. bovis genome harbors a large number of IS elements and their number increases significantly (p = 7.8 × 10(−6)) as the genome size increases. Collectively, the genome data and the whole genome-based population analysis in this study may help to develop better understanding of M. bovis induced mycoplasmosis in cattle. MDPI 2020-10-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7650767/ /pubmed/33050495 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101561 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kumar, Roshan
Register, Karen
Christopher-Hennings, Jane
Moroni, Paolo
Gioia, Gloria
Garcia-Fernandez, Nuria
Nelson, Julia
Jelinski, Murray D.
Lysnyansky, Inna
Bayles, Darrell
Alt, David
Scaria, Joy
Population Genomic Analysis of Mycoplasma bovis Elucidates Geographical Variations and Genes associated with Host-Types
title Population Genomic Analysis of Mycoplasma bovis Elucidates Geographical Variations and Genes associated with Host-Types
title_full Population Genomic Analysis of Mycoplasma bovis Elucidates Geographical Variations and Genes associated with Host-Types
title_fullStr Population Genomic Analysis of Mycoplasma bovis Elucidates Geographical Variations and Genes associated with Host-Types
title_full_unstemmed Population Genomic Analysis of Mycoplasma bovis Elucidates Geographical Variations and Genes associated with Host-Types
title_short Population Genomic Analysis of Mycoplasma bovis Elucidates Geographical Variations and Genes associated with Host-Types
title_sort population genomic analysis of mycoplasma bovis elucidates geographical variations and genes associated with host-types
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7650767/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33050495
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101561
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