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An open-source research tool to study triaxial inertial sensors for monitoring selected behaviors in sheep

The use of automated systems for monitoring animal behavior provides information on individual animal behavior and can be used to enhance animal productivity. However, the advancement of this industry is hampered by technology costs, challenges with power supplies, limited data accessibility, and in...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: dos Reis, Barbara R, Fuka, Daniel R, Easton, Zachary M, White, Robin R
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7651769/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33210081
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaa188
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author dos Reis, Barbara R
Fuka, Daniel R
Easton, Zachary M
White, Robin R
author_facet dos Reis, Barbara R
Fuka, Daniel R
Easton, Zachary M
White, Robin R
author_sort dos Reis, Barbara R
collection PubMed
description The use of automated systems for monitoring animal behavior provides information on individual animal behavior and can be used to enhance animal productivity. However, the advancement of this industry is hampered by technology costs, challenges with power supplies, limited data accessibility, and inconsistent testing approaches for confirming the detection of livestock behaviors. Development of open-source research tools similar to commercially available wearable technologies may contribute to the development of more-efficient and affordable technologies. The objective of this study was to demonstrate an open-source, microprocessor-based sensor designed to monitor and enable differentiation among selected behaviors of adult wethers. The sensor was comprised of an inexpensive espressif ESP-32-WROOM-32 microprocessor with Bluetooth communication, a generic MPU92/50 motion sensor that contains a three-axis accelerometer, three-axis magnetometer, a three-axis gyroscope, and a 5-V rechargeable lithium-ion battery. The open-source Arduino IDE software was used to program the microprocessor and to adjust the frequency of sampling, the data packet to send, and the operating conditions. For demonstration purposes, sensors were placed on six housed sheep for three 1-h increments with concurrent visual behavioral observation. Sensor readings (x-, y-, and z-axis) were summarized (mean and SD) within a minute and compared to animal behavior observations (also on a by-minute basis) using a linear mixed-effect model with animal as a random effect and behavioral classifier as a fixed effect. This analysis demonstrated the basic utility of the sensor to differentiate among animal behaviors based on sensed data (P < 0.001). Although substantial additional work is needed for algorithm development, power source testing, and network optimization, this open-source platform appears to be a promising strategy to research wearable sensors in a generalizable manner.
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spelling pubmed-76517692020-11-17 An open-source research tool to study triaxial inertial sensors for monitoring selected behaviors in sheep dos Reis, Barbara R Fuka, Daniel R Easton, Zachary M White, Robin R Transl Anim Sci Technology in Animal Science The use of automated systems for monitoring animal behavior provides information on individual animal behavior and can be used to enhance animal productivity. However, the advancement of this industry is hampered by technology costs, challenges with power supplies, limited data accessibility, and inconsistent testing approaches for confirming the detection of livestock behaviors. Development of open-source research tools similar to commercially available wearable technologies may contribute to the development of more-efficient and affordable technologies. The objective of this study was to demonstrate an open-source, microprocessor-based sensor designed to monitor and enable differentiation among selected behaviors of adult wethers. The sensor was comprised of an inexpensive espressif ESP-32-WROOM-32 microprocessor with Bluetooth communication, a generic MPU92/50 motion sensor that contains a three-axis accelerometer, three-axis magnetometer, a three-axis gyroscope, and a 5-V rechargeable lithium-ion battery. The open-source Arduino IDE software was used to program the microprocessor and to adjust the frequency of sampling, the data packet to send, and the operating conditions. For demonstration purposes, sensors were placed on six housed sheep for three 1-h increments with concurrent visual behavioral observation. Sensor readings (x-, y-, and z-axis) were summarized (mean and SD) within a minute and compared to animal behavior observations (also on a by-minute basis) using a linear mixed-effect model with animal as a random effect and behavioral classifier as a fixed effect. This analysis demonstrated the basic utility of the sensor to differentiate among animal behaviors based on sensed data (P < 0.001). Although substantial additional work is needed for algorithm development, power source testing, and network optimization, this open-source platform appears to be a promising strategy to research wearable sensors in a generalizable manner. Oxford University Press 2020-10-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7651769/ /pubmed/33210081 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaa188 Text en © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Technology in Animal Science
dos Reis, Barbara R
Fuka, Daniel R
Easton, Zachary M
White, Robin R
An open-source research tool to study triaxial inertial sensors for monitoring selected behaviors in sheep
title An open-source research tool to study triaxial inertial sensors for monitoring selected behaviors in sheep
title_full An open-source research tool to study triaxial inertial sensors for monitoring selected behaviors in sheep
title_fullStr An open-source research tool to study triaxial inertial sensors for monitoring selected behaviors in sheep
title_full_unstemmed An open-source research tool to study triaxial inertial sensors for monitoring selected behaviors in sheep
title_short An open-source research tool to study triaxial inertial sensors for monitoring selected behaviors in sheep
title_sort open-source research tool to study triaxial inertial sensors for monitoring selected behaviors in sheep
topic Technology in Animal Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7651769/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33210081
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaa188
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