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Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Activity Modulates Isoflurane and Propofol Anesthesia
Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain (BF) have long been considered to be the key neurons in the regulation of cortical and behavioral arousal, and cholinergic activation in the downstream region of the BF can arouse anesthetized rats. However, whether the activation of BF cholinergic neurons...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7652994/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33192246 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.559077 |
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author | Luo, Tian-Yuan Cai, Shuang Qin, Zai-Xun Yang, Shao-Cheng Shu, Yue Liu, Cheng-Xi Zhang, Yu Zhang, Lin Zhou, Liang Yu, Tian Yu, Shou-Yang |
author_facet | Luo, Tian-Yuan Cai, Shuang Qin, Zai-Xun Yang, Shao-Cheng Shu, Yue Liu, Cheng-Xi Zhang, Yu Zhang, Lin Zhou, Liang Yu, Tian Yu, Shou-Yang |
author_sort | Luo, Tian-Yuan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain (BF) have long been considered to be the key neurons in the regulation of cortical and behavioral arousal, and cholinergic activation in the downstream region of the BF can arouse anesthetized rats. However, whether the activation of BF cholinergic neurons can induce behavior and electroencephalogram (EEG) recovery from anesthesia is unclear. In this study, based on a transgenic mouse line expressing ChAT-IRES-Cre, we applied a fiber photometry system combined with GCaMPs expression in the BF and found that both isoflurane and propofol inhibit the activity of BF cholinergic neurons, which is closely related to the consciousness transition. We further revealed that genetic lesion of BF cholinergic neurons was associated with a markedly increased potency of anesthetics, while designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD)-activated BF cholinergic neurons was responsible for slower induction and faster recovery of anesthesia. We also documented a significant increase in δ power bands (1–4 Hz) and a decrease in β (12–25 Hz) power bands in BF cholinergic lesioned mice, while there was a clearly noticeable decline in EEG δ power of activated BF cholinergic neurons. Moreover, sensitivity to anesthetics was reduced after optical stimulation of BF cholinergic cells, yet it failed to restore wake-like behavior in constantly anesthetized mice. Our results indicate a functional role of BF cholinergic neurons in the regulation of general anesthesia. Inhibition of BF cholinergic neurons mediates the formation of unconsciousness induced by general anesthetics, and their activation promotes recovery from the anesthesia state. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7652994 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76529942020-11-13 Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Activity Modulates Isoflurane and Propofol Anesthesia Luo, Tian-Yuan Cai, Shuang Qin, Zai-Xun Yang, Shao-Cheng Shu, Yue Liu, Cheng-Xi Zhang, Yu Zhang, Lin Zhou, Liang Yu, Tian Yu, Shou-Yang Front Neurosci Neuroscience Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain (BF) have long been considered to be the key neurons in the regulation of cortical and behavioral arousal, and cholinergic activation in the downstream region of the BF can arouse anesthetized rats. However, whether the activation of BF cholinergic neurons can induce behavior and electroencephalogram (EEG) recovery from anesthesia is unclear. In this study, based on a transgenic mouse line expressing ChAT-IRES-Cre, we applied a fiber photometry system combined with GCaMPs expression in the BF and found that both isoflurane and propofol inhibit the activity of BF cholinergic neurons, which is closely related to the consciousness transition. We further revealed that genetic lesion of BF cholinergic neurons was associated with a markedly increased potency of anesthetics, while designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD)-activated BF cholinergic neurons was responsible for slower induction and faster recovery of anesthesia. We also documented a significant increase in δ power bands (1–4 Hz) and a decrease in β (12–25 Hz) power bands in BF cholinergic lesioned mice, while there was a clearly noticeable decline in EEG δ power of activated BF cholinergic neurons. Moreover, sensitivity to anesthetics was reduced after optical stimulation of BF cholinergic cells, yet it failed to restore wake-like behavior in constantly anesthetized mice. Our results indicate a functional role of BF cholinergic neurons in the regulation of general anesthesia. Inhibition of BF cholinergic neurons mediates the formation of unconsciousness induced by general anesthetics, and their activation promotes recovery from the anesthesia state. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-10-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7652994/ /pubmed/33192246 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.559077 Text en Copyright © 2020 Luo, Cai, Qin, Yang, Shu, Liu, Zhang, Zhang, Zhou, Yu and Yu. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Luo, Tian-Yuan Cai, Shuang Qin, Zai-Xun Yang, Shao-Cheng Shu, Yue Liu, Cheng-Xi Zhang, Yu Zhang, Lin Zhou, Liang Yu, Tian Yu, Shou-Yang Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Activity Modulates Isoflurane and Propofol Anesthesia |
title | Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Activity Modulates Isoflurane and Propofol Anesthesia |
title_full | Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Activity Modulates Isoflurane and Propofol Anesthesia |
title_fullStr | Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Activity Modulates Isoflurane and Propofol Anesthesia |
title_full_unstemmed | Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Activity Modulates Isoflurane and Propofol Anesthesia |
title_short | Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Activity Modulates Isoflurane and Propofol Anesthesia |
title_sort | basal forebrain cholinergic activity modulates isoflurane and propofol anesthesia |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7652994/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33192246 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.559077 |
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