(18)F-THK5351 PET imaging in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy: associations with core domains and diagnostic certainty

The associations of (18)F-THK5351 tau positron emission tomography (PET) findings with core domains of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and its diagnostic certainty have yet to be fully elucidated. The (18)F-THK5351 PET patterns of 17 patients with PSP (68.9 ± 6.5 years; 8 women) were compared with those observed in 28 age-matched and sex-matched (66.2 ± 4.5 years, 18 women) control subjects (CS). Tracer accumulation—as reflected by standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) and z-scores—was correlated with core domains of PSP and different levels of diagnostic certainty. Compared with CS, patients with PSP showed an increased (18)F-THK5351 uptake in the globus pallidus and red nucleus. Patients with PSP and oculomotor dysfunction had significantly higher SUVRs in the midbrain, red nucleus, and raphe nucleus than those without. In addition, cases who meet criteria for level 1 (highest) certainty in the postural instability domain showed significantly higher SUVRs in the frontal, parietal, precuneus, and sensory-motor cortex. Patients with probable PSP had significantly higher SUVR values than those with possible PSP in multiple cortical (i.e., frontal, parietal, temporal, anterior cingulate gyrus, precuneus, and sensory-motor gyrus) and subcortical (i.e., putamen, thalamus, and raphe nucleus) regions. Patterns of (18)F-THK5351 uptake were correlated to core domains of PSP—including oculomotor dysfunction and postural instability. Moreover, the degree of diagnostic certainty for PSP was appreciably associated with (18)F-THK5351 PET findings.