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Transition to substance use disorders: impulsivity for reward and learning from reward
Substance dependence constitutes a profound societal burden. Although large numbers of individuals use licit or illicit substances, few transition to dependence. The specific factors influencing this transition are not well understood. Substance-dependent individuals tend to be swayed by the immedia...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7657456/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31848627 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsz077 |
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author | Poulton, Antoinette Hester, Robert |
author_facet | Poulton, Antoinette Hester, Robert |
author_sort | Poulton, Antoinette |
collection | PubMed |
description | Substance dependence constitutes a profound societal burden. Although large numbers of individuals use licit or illicit substances, few transition to dependence. The specific factors influencing this transition are not well understood. Substance-dependent individuals tend to be swayed by the immediate rewards of drug taking, but are often insensitive to delayed negative consequences of their behavior. Dependence is consequently associated with impulsivity for reward and atypical learning from feedback. Behavioral impulsivity is indexed using tasks measuring spontaneous decision-making and capacity to control impulses. While evidence indicates drug taking exacerbates behavioral impulsivity for reward, animal and human studies of drug naïve populations demonstrate it might precede any drug-related problems. Research suggests dependent individuals are also more likely to learn from rewarding (relative to punishing) feedback. This may partly explain why substance-dependent individuals fail to modify their behavior in response to negative outcomes. This enhanced learning from reward may constitute a further pre-existing risk factor for substance dependence. Although impulsivity for reward and preferential learning from rewarding feedback are both underpinned by a compromised dopaminergic system, few studies have examined the relationship between these two mechanisms. The interplay of these processes may help enrich understanding of why some individuals transition to substance dependence. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7657456 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76574562020-11-23 Transition to substance use disorders: impulsivity for reward and learning from reward Poulton, Antoinette Hester, Robert Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci Original Manuscript Substance dependence constitutes a profound societal burden. Although large numbers of individuals use licit or illicit substances, few transition to dependence. The specific factors influencing this transition are not well understood. Substance-dependent individuals tend to be swayed by the immediate rewards of drug taking, but are often insensitive to delayed negative consequences of their behavior. Dependence is consequently associated with impulsivity for reward and atypical learning from feedback. Behavioral impulsivity is indexed using tasks measuring spontaneous decision-making and capacity to control impulses. While evidence indicates drug taking exacerbates behavioral impulsivity for reward, animal and human studies of drug naïve populations demonstrate it might precede any drug-related problems. Research suggests dependent individuals are also more likely to learn from rewarding (relative to punishing) feedback. This may partly explain why substance-dependent individuals fail to modify their behavior in response to negative outcomes. This enhanced learning from reward may constitute a further pre-existing risk factor for substance dependence. Although impulsivity for reward and preferential learning from rewarding feedback are both underpinned by a compromised dopaminergic system, few studies have examined the relationship between these two mechanisms. The interplay of these processes may help enrich understanding of why some individuals transition to substance dependence. Oxford University Press 2019-12-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7657456/ /pubmed/31848627 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsz077 Text en © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
spellingShingle | Original Manuscript Poulton, Antoinette Hester, Robert Transition to substance use disorders: impulsivity for reward and learning from reward |
title | Transition to substance use disorders: impulsivity for reward and learning from reward |
title_full | Transition to substance use disorders: impulsivity for reward and learning from reward |
title_fullStr | Transition to substance use disorders: impulsivity for reward and learning from reward |
title_full_unstemmed | Transition to substance use disorders: impulsivity for reward and learning from reward |
title_short | Transition to substance use disorders: impulsivity for reward and learning from reward |
title_sort | transition to substance use disorders: impulsivity for reward and learning from reward |
topic | Original Manuscript |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7657456/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31848627 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsz077 |
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