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Correlations between available primary amines, endospore coat thickness, and alkaline glutaraldehyde sensitivity for spores of select Bacillus species
Alkaline glutaraldehyde (GTA) is a high‐level chemical disinfectant/sterilant and has a broad microbial kill spectrum. The precise antimicrobial mechanism of GTA remains debated. GTA kill times are extremely variable across different organisms, illustrating the need for a better understanding of GTA...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7658453/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32996289 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.1117 |
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author | Player, Jacob Kent Despain, Justen Thalmus Robison, Richard A. |
author_facet | Player, Jacob Kent Despain, Justen Thalmus Robison, Richard A. |
author_sort | Player, Jacob Kent |
collection | PubMed |
description | Alkaline glutaraldehyde (GTA) is a high‐level chemical disinfectant/sterilant and has a broad microbial kill spectrum. The precise antimicrobial mechanism of GTA remains debated. GTA kill times are extremely variable across different organisms, illustrating the need for a better understanding of GTA kill mechanisms related to different organisms. A commonly proposed GTA kill mechanism suggests that it works by cross‐linking accessible primary amines on important surface proteins. If true, the antimicrobial activity of GTA may directly correlate to the number of these available functional groups. Bacillus species form highly resistant bacterial endospores that are commonly used as one of the most stringent test organisms for disinfection and sterilization. In this study, we compared the log reduction times of alkaline GTA on spores from 4 Bacillus species to fluorescent profiles generated using Alexa Fluor™ amine‐reactive dyes. GTA kill times were also compared to mean spore coat thicknesses as measured with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fluorescence values generated from bound amine‐reactive dye showed a strong, positive correlation to GTA susceptibility, as measured by GTA 6‐log(10) reduction times. Spore coat thickness also showed a strong, positive correlation to reduction time values. Results support the hypothesis that GTA kill times are directly related to the number of available primary amines on bacterial endospores. Results also indicated that the killing efficacy of GTA may be influenced by its ability to penetrate the spore coat to reach additional targets, suggesting that damaging important biomolecules beyond surface proteins may be involved in GTA killing mechanisms. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7658453 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76584532020-11-17 Correlations between available primary amines, endospore coat thickness, and alkaline glutaraldehyde sensitivity for spores of select Bacillus species Player, Jacob Kent Despain, Justen Thalmus Robison, Richard A. Microbiologyopen Original Articles Alkaline glutaraldehyde (GTA) is a high‐level chemical disinfectant/sterilant and has a broad microbial kill spectrum. The precise antimicrobial mechanism of GTA remains debated. GTA kill times are extremely variable across different organisms, illustrating the need for a better understanding of GTA kill mechanisms related to different organisms. A commonly proposed GTA kill mechanism suggests that it works by cross‐linking accessible primary amines on important surface proteins. If true, the antimicrobial activity of GTA may directly correlate to the number of these available functional groups. Bacillus species form highly resistant bacterial endospores that are commonly used as one of the most stringent test organisms for disinfection and sterilization. In this study, we compared the log reduction times of alkaline GTA on spores from 4 Bacillus species to fluorescent profiles generated using Alexa Fluor™ amine‐reactive dyes. GTA kill times were also compared to mean spore coat thicknesses as measured with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fluorescence values generated from bound amine‐reactive dye showed a strong, positive correlation to GTA susceptibility, as measured by GTA 6‐log(10) reduction times. Spore coat thickness also showed a strong, positive correlation to reduction time values. Results support the hypothesis that GTA kill times are directly related to the number of available primary amines on bacterial endospores. Results also indicated that the killing efficacy of GTA may be influenced by its ability to penetrate the spore coat to reach additional targets, suggesting that damaging important biomolecules beyond surface proteins may be involved in GTA killing mechanisms. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020-09-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7658453/ /pubmed/32996289 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.1117 Text en © 2020 The Authors. MicrobiologyOpen published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Original Articles Player, Jacob Kent Despain, Justen Thalmus Robison, Richard A. Correlations between available primary amines, endospore coat thickness, and alkaline glutaraldehyde sensitivity for spores of select Bacillus species |
title | Correlations between available primary amines, endospore coat thickness, and alkaline glutaraldehyde sensitivity for spores of select Bacillus species |
title_full | Correlations between available primary amines, endospore coat thickness, and alkaline glutaraldehyde sensitivity for spores of select Bacillus species |
title_fullStr | Correlations between available primary amines, endospore coat thickness, and alkaline glutaraldehyde sensitivity for spores of select Bacillus species |
title_full_unstemmed | Correlations between available primary amines, endospore coat thickness, and alkaline glutaraldehyde sensitivity for spores of select Bacillus species |
title_short | Correlations between available primary amines, endospore coat thickness, and alkaline glutaraldehyde sensitivity for spores of select Bacillus species |
title_sort | correlations between available primary amines, endospore coat thickness, and alkaline glutaraldehyde sensitivity for spores of select bacillus species |
topic | Original Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7658453/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32996289 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.1117 |
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