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Gas Permeability of Mold during Freezing Process Alters the Pore Distribution of Gelatin Sponge and Its Bone-Forming Ability
Freeze-drying, also known as lyophilization, is widely used in the preparation of porous biomaterials. Nevertheless, limited information is known regarding the effect of gas permeability on molds to obtain porous materials. We demonstrated that the different levels of gas permeability of molds remar...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7659933/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33105615 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214705 |
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author | Han, Xiaoyu Honda, Yoshitomo Tanaka, Tomonari Imura, Kazuki Hashimoto, Yoshiya Yoshikawa, Kazushi Yamamoto, Kazuyo |
author_facet | Han, Xiaoyu Honda, Yoshitomo Tanaka, Tomonari Imura, Kazuki Hashimoto, Yoshiya Yoshikawa, Kazushi Yamamoto, Kazuyo |
author_sort | Han, Xiaoyu |
collection | PubMed |
description | Freeze-drying, also known as lyophilization, is widely used in the preparation of porous biomaterials. Nevertheless, limited information is known regarding the effect of gas permeability on molds to obtain porous materials. We demonstrated that the different levels of gas permeability of molds remarkably altered the pore distribution of prepared gelatin sponges and distinct bone formation at critical-sized bone defects of the rat calvaria. Three types of molds were prepared: silicon tube (ST), which has high gas permeability; ST covered with polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) film, which has low gas permeability, at the lateral side (STPL); and ST covered with PVDC at both the lateral and bottom sides (STPLB). The cross sections or curved surfaces of the sponges were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and quantitative image analysis. The gelatin sponge prepared using ST mold demonstrated wider pore size and spatial distribution and larger average pore diameter (149.2 µm) compared with that prepared using STPL and STPLB. The sponges using ST demonstrated significantly poor bone formation and bone mineral density after 3 weeks. The results suggest that the gas permeability of molds critically alters the pore size and spatial pore distribution of prepared sponges during the freeze-drying process, which probably causes distinct bone formation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7659933 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76599332020-11-13 Gas Permeability of Mold during Freezing Process Alters the Pore Distribution of Gelatin Sponge and Its Bone-Forming Ability Han, Xiaoyu Honda, Yoshitomo Tanaka, Tomonari Imura, Kazuki Hashimoto, Yoshiya Yoshikawa, Kazushi Yamamoto, Kazuyo Materials (Basel) Article Freeze-drying, also known as lyophilization, is widely used in the preparation of porous biomaterials. Nevertheless, limited information is known regarding the effect of gas permeability on molds to obtain porous materials. We demonstrated that the different levels of gas permeability of molds remarkably altered the pore distribution of prepared gelatin sponges and distinct bone formation at critical-sized bone defects of the rat calvaria. Three types of molds were prepared: silicon tube (ST), which has high gas permeability; ST covered with polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) film, which has low gas permeability, at the lateral side (STPL); and ST covered with PVDC at both the lateral and bottom sides (STPLB). The cross sections or curved surfaces of the sponges were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and quantitative image analysis. The gelatin sponge prepared using ST mold demonstrated wider pore size and spatial distribution and larger average pore diameter (149.2 µm) compared with that prepared using STPL and STPLB. The sponges using ST demonstrated significantly poor bone formation and bone mineral density after 3 weeks. The results suggest that the gas permeability of molds critically alters the pore size and spatial pore distribution of prepared sponges during the freeze-drying process, which probably causes distinct bone formation. MDPI 2020-10-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7659933/ /pubmed/33105615 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214705 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Han, Xiaoyu Honda, Yoshitomo Tanaka, Tomonari Imura, Kazuki Hashimoto, Yoshiya Yoshikawa, Kazushi Yamamoto, Kazuyo Gas Permeability of Mold during Freezing Process Alters the Pore Distribution of Gelatin Sponge and Its Bone-Forming Ability |
title | Gas Permeability of Mold during Freezing Process Alters the Pore Distribution of Gelatin Sponge and Its Bone-Forming Ability |
title_full | Gas Permeability of Mold during Freezing Process Alters the Pore Distribution of Gelatin Sponge and Its Bone-Forming Ability |
title_fullStr | Gas Permeability of Mold during Freezing Process Alters the Pore Distribution of Gelatin Sponge and Its Bone-Forming Ability |
title_full_unstemmed | Gas Permeability of Mold during Freezing Process Alters the Pore Distribution of Gelatin Sponge and Its Bone-Forming Ability |
title_short | Gas Permeability of Mold during Freezing Process Alters the Pore Distribution of Gelatin Sponge and Its Bone-Forming Ability |
title_sort | gas permeability of mold during freezing process alters the pore distribution of gelatin sponge and its bone-forming ability |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7659933/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33105615 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214705 |
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