Multi-Frame Star Image Denoising Algorithm Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning and Mixed Poisson–Gaussian Likelihood

Mixed Poisson–Gaussian noise exists in the star images and is difficult to be effectively suppressed via maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method due to its complicated likelihood function. In this article, the MLE method is incorporated with a state-of-the-art machine learning algorithm in order to achieve accurate restoration results. By applying the mixed Poisson–Gaussian likelihood function as the reward function of a reinforcement learning algorithm, an agent is able to form the restored image that achieves the maximum value of the complex likelihood function through the Markov Decision Process (MDP). In order to provide the appropriate parameter settings of the denoising model, the key hyperparameters of the model and their influences on denoising results are tested through simulated experiments. The model is then compared with two existing star image denoising methods so as to verify its performance. The experiment results indicate that this algorithm based on reinforcement learning is able to suppress the mixed Poisson–Gaussian noise in the star image more accurately than the traditional MLE method, as well as the method based on the deep convolutional neural network (DCNN).