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The ITS region provides a reliable DNA barcode for identifying reishi/lingzhi (Ganoderma) from herbal supplements
The dietary supplement industry is rapidly growing yet, a recent study revealed that up to 60% of supplements may have substituted ingredients, some of which can be harmful contaminants or additives. When ingredients cannot be verified morphologically or biochemically, DNA barcoding complemented wit...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7660467/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33180770 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236774 |
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author | Gunnels, Tess Creswell, Matthew McFerrin, Janis Whittall, Justen B. |
author_facet | Gunnels, Tess Creswell, Matthew McFerrin, Janis Whittall, Justen B. |
author_sort | Gunnels, Tess |
collection | PubMed |
description | The dietary supplement industry is rapidly growing yet, a recent study revealed that up to 60% of supplements may have substituted ingredients, some of which can be harmful contaminants or additives. When ingredients cannot be verified morphologically or biochemically, DNA barcoding complemented with a molecular phylogenetic analysis can be a powerful method for species authentication. We employed a molecular phylogenetic analysis for species authentication of the commonly used fungal supplement, reishi (Ganoderma lingzhi), by amplifying and sequencing the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) with genus-specific primers. PCR of six powdered samples and one dried sample all sold as G. lucidum representing independent suppliers produced single, strong amplification products in the expected size-range for Ganoderma. Both best-hit BLAST and molecular phylogenetic analyses clearly identified the presence of G. lingzhi DNA in all seven herbal supplements. We detected variation in the ITS sequences among our samples, but all herbal supplement samples fall within a large clade of G. lingzhi ITS sequences. ITS-based phylogenetic analysis is a successful and cost-effective method for DNA-based species authentication that could be used in the herbal supplement industry for this and other fungal and plant species that are otherwise difficult to identify. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7660467 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76604672020-11-18 The ITS region provides a reliable DNA barcode for identifying reishi/lingzhi (Ganoderma) from herbal supplements Gunnels, Tess Creswell, Matthew McFerrin, Janis Whittall, Justen B. PLoS One Research Article The dietary supplement industry is rapidly growing yet, a recent study revealed that up to 60% of supplements may have substituted ingredients, some of which can be harmful contaminants or additives. When ingredients cannot be verified morphologically or biochemically, DNA barcoding complemented with a molecular phylogenetic analysis can be a powerful method for species authentication. We employed a molecular phylogenetic analysis for species authentication of the commonly used fungal supplement, reishi (Ganoderma lingzhi), by amplifying and sequencing the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) with genus-specific primers. PCR of six powdered samples and one dried sample all sold as G. lucidum representing independent suppliers produced single, strong amplification products in the expected size-range for Ganoderma. Both best-hit BLAST and molecular phylogenetic analyses clearly identified the presence of G. lingzhi DNA in all seven herbal supplements. We detected variation in the ITS sequences among our samples, but all herbal supplement samples fall within a large clade of G. lingzhi ITS sequences. ITS-based phylogenetic analysis is a successful and cost-effective method for DNA-based species authentication that could be used in the herbal supplement industry for this and other fungal and plant species that are otherwise difficult to identify. Public Library of Science 2020-11-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7660467/ /pubmed/33180770 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236774 Text en © 2020 Gunnels et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Gunnels, Tess Creswell, Matthew McFerrin, Janis Whittall, Justen B. The ITS region provides a reliable DNA barcode for identifying reishi/lingzhi (Ganoderma) from herbal supplements |
title | The ITS region provides a reliable DNA barcode for identifying reishi/lingzhi (Ganoderma) from herbal supplements |
title_full | The ITS region provides a reliable DNA barcode for identifying reishi/lingzhi (Ganoderma) from herbal supplements |
title_fullStr | The ITS region provides a reliable DNA barcode for identifying reishi/lingzhi (Ganoderma) from herbal supplements |
title_full_unstemmed | The ITS region provides a reliable DNA barcode for identifying reishi/lingzhi (Ganoderma) from herbal supplements |
title_short | The ITS region provides a reliable DNA barcode for identifying reishi/lingzhi (Ganoderma) from herbal supplements |
title_sort | its region provides a reliable dna barcode for identifying reishi/lingzhi (ganoderma) from herbal supplements |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7660467/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33180770 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236774 |
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