Key components and IT assistance of participant management in clinical research: a scoping review

OBJECTIVES: Managing participants and their data are fundamental for the success of a clinical trial. Our review identifies and describes processes that deal with management of trial participants and highlights information technology (IT) assistance for clinical research in the context of participant management. METHODS: A scoping literature review design, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement, was used to identify literature on trial participant-related proceedings, work procedures, or workflows, and assisting electronic systems. RESULTS: The literature search identified 1329 articles of which 111 were included for analysis. Participant-related procedures were categorized into 4 major trial processes: recruitment, obtaining informed consent, managing identities, and managing administrative data. Our results demonstrated that management of trial participants is considered in nearly every step of clinical trials, and that IT was successfully introduced to all participant-related areas of a clinical trial to facilitate processes. DISCUSSION: There is no precise definition of participant management, so a broad search strategy was necessary, resulting in a high number of articles that had to be excluded. Nevertheless, this review provides a comprehensive overview of participant management-related components, which was lacking so far. The review contributes to a better understanding of how computer-assisted management of participants in clinical trials is possible.