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The Moderating Effect of Distance on Features of the Built Environment and Active School Transport

Despite growing research supporting the impact of the built environment on active school transport (AST), distance persists as the most powerful predictor of walking and biking to school. There is a need to better understand how environmental features interact with distance to affect AST, and whethe...

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Autores principales: Ross, Allison, Godwyll, Josephine, Adams, Marc
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7662262/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33120926
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217856
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author Ross, Allison
Godwyll, Josephine
Adams, Marc
author_facet Ross, Allison
Godwyll, Josephine
Adams, Marc
author_sort Ross, Allison
collection PubMed
description Despite growing research supporting the impact of the built environment on active school transport (AST), distance persists as the most powerful predictor of walking and biking to school. There is a need to better understand how environmental features interact with distance to affect AST, and whether the influence of environmental factors persist across different distance thresholds. Multilevel models using cluster-robust standard errors were used to examine for interactions between objectively measured macroscale environmental features and several reported distances from home to school (up to ¼, ¼ up to ½, ½ up to 1, 1+ miles) on the likelihood of parent reported AST for children grades 3–8 (n = 2751) at 35 schools who completed a Safe Routes to School Parent Survey about Walking and Biking to School (SRTS Parent Survey). An interaction between both intersection density and food-related land use with distance was observed. The likelihood of AST decreased as intersection density and distance increased (i.e., 31.0% reduced odds among those living within ¼ mile compared to 18.2% using ½–1-mile criterion). The likelihood of using AST were reduced as food-related land use and distance increased (i.e., 43.67% reduced odds among those living under ¼ mile compared to 19.83% reduced odds among those living ½–1 mile). Programs and infrastructure improvements focused on overcoming environmental barriers to promote AST may be most effective when targeting neighborhoods within ¼ mile of schools.
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spelling pubmed-76622622020-11-14 The Moderating Effect of Distance on Features of the Built Environment and Active School Transport Ross, Allison Godwyll, Josephine Adams, Marc Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Despite growing research supporting the impact of the built environment on active school transport (AST), distance persists as the most powerful predictor of walking and biking to school. There is a need to better understand how environmental features interact with distance to affect AST, and whether the influence of environmental factors persist across different distance thresholds. Multilevel models using cluster-robust standard errors were used to examine for interactions between objectively measured macroscale environmental features and several reported distances from home to school (up to ¼, ¼ up to ½, ½ up to 1, 1+ miles) on the likelihood of parent reported AST for children grades 3–8 (n = 2751) at 35 schools who completed a Safe Routes to School Parent Survey about Walking and Biking to School (SRTS Parent Survey). An interaction between both intersection density and food-related land use with distance was observed. The likelihood of AST decreased as intersection density and distance increased (i.e., 31.0% reduced odds among those living within ¼ mile compared to 18.2% using ½–1-mile criterion). The likelihood of using AST were reduced as food-related land use and distance increased (i.e., 43.67% reduced odds among those living under ¼ mile compared to 19.83% reduced odds among those living ½–1 mile). Programs and infrastructure improvements focused on overcoming environmental barriers to promote AST may be most effective when targeting neighborhoods within ¼ mile of schools. MDPI 2020-10-27 2020-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7662262/ /pubmed/33120926 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217856 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ross, Allison
Godwyll, Josephine
Adams, Marc
The Moderating Effect of Distance on Features of the Built Environment and Active School Transport
title The Moderating Effect of Distance on Features of the Built Environment and Active School Transport
title_full The Moderating Effect of Distance on Features of the Built Environment and Active School Transport
title_fullStr The Moderating Effect of Distance on Features of the Built Environment and Active School Transport
title_full_unstemmed The Moderating Effect of Distance on Features of the Built Environment and Active School Transport
title_short The Moderating Effect of Distance on Features of the Built Environment and Active School Transport
title_sort moderating effect of distance on features of the built environment and active school transport
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7662262/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33120926
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217856
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