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The Moderating Effect of Distance on Features of the Built Environment and Active School Transport
Despite growing research supporting the impact of the built environment on active school transport (AST), distance persists as the most powerful predictor of walking and biking to school. There is a need to better understand how environmental features interact with distance to affect AST, and whethe...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7662262/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33120926 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217856 |
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author | Ross, Allison Godwyll, Josephine Adams, Marc |
author_facet | Ross, Allison Godwyll, Josephine Adams, Marc |
author_sort | Ross, Allison |
collection | PubMed |
description | Despite growing research supporting the impact of the built environment on active school transport (AST), distance persists as the most powerful predictor of walking and biking to school. There is a need to better understand how environmental features interact with distance to affect AST, and whether the influence of environmental factors persist across different distance thresholds. Multilevel models using cluster-robust standard errors were used to examine for interactions between objectively measured macroscale environmental features and several reported distances from home to school (up to ¼, ¼ up to ½, ½ up to 1, 1+ miles) on the likelihood of parent reported AST for children grades 3–8 (n = 2751) at 35 schools who completed a Safe Routes to School Parent Survey about Walking and Biking to School (SRTS Parent Survey). An interaction between both intersection density and food-related land use with distance was observed. The likelihood of AST decreased as intersection density and distance increased (i.e., 31.0% reduced odds among those living within ¼ mile compared to 18.2% using ½–1-mile criterion). The likelihood of using AST were reduced as food-related land use and distance increased (i.e., 43.67% reduced odds among those living under ¼ mile compared to 19.83% reduced odds among those living ½–1 mile). Programs and infrastructure improvements focused on overcoming environmental barriers to promote AST may be most effective when targeting neighborhoods within ¼ mile of schools. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7662262 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76622622020-11-14 The Moderating Effect of Distance on Features of the Built Environment and Active School Transport Ross, Allison Godwyll, Josephine Adams, Marc Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Despite growing research supporting the impact of the built environment on active school transport (AST), distance persists as the most powerful predictor of walking and biking to school. There is a need to better understand how environmental features interact with distance to affect AST, and whether the influence of environmental factors persist across different distance thresholds. Multilevel models using cluster-robust standard errors were used to examine for interactions between objectively measured macroscale environmental features and several reported distances from home to school (up to ¼, ¼ up to ½, ½ up to 1, 1+ miles) on the likelihood of parent reported AST for children grades 3–8 (n = 2751) at 35 schools who completed a Safe Routes to School Parent Survey about Walking and Biking to School (SRTS Parent Survey). An interaction between both intersection density and food-related land use with distance was observed. The likelihood of AST decreased as intersection density and distance increased (i.e., 31.0% reduced odds among those living within ¼ mile compared to 18.2% using ½–1-mile criterion). The likelihood of using AST were reduced as food-related land use and distance increased (i.e., 43.67% reduced odds among those living under ¼ mile compared to 19.83% reduced odds among those living ½–1 mile). Programs and infrastructure improvements focused on overcoming environmental barriers to promote AST may be most effective when targeting neighborhoods within ¼ mile of schools. MDPI 2020-10-27 2020-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7662262/ /pubmed/33120926 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217856 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ross, Allison Godwyll, Josephine Adams, Marc The Moderating Effect of Distance on Features of the Built Environment and Active School Transport |
title | The Moderating Effect of Distance on Features of the Built Environment and Active School Transport |
title_full | The Moderating Effect of Distance on Features of the Built Environment and Active School Transport |
title_fullStr | The Moderating Effect of Distance on Features of the Built Environment and Active School Transport |
title_full_unstemmed | The Moderating Effect of Distance on Features of the Built Environment and Active School Transport |
title_short | The Moderating Effect of Distance on Features of the Built Environment and Active School Transport |
title_sort | moderating effect of distance on features of the built environment and active school transport |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7662262/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33120926 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217856 |
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