Histamine H(2)-Receptor Antagonists Improve Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Intestinal Dysbiosis

Dysbiosis, an imbalance of intestinal flora, can cause serious conditions such as obesity, cancer, and psychoneurological disorders. One cause of dysbiosis is inflammation. Ulcerative enteritis is a side effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). To counteract this side effect, we proposed the concurrent use of histamine H(2) receptor antagonists (H(2)RA), and we examined the effect on the intestinal flora. We generated a murine model of NSAID-induced intestinal mucosal injury, and we administered oral H(2)RA to the mice. We collected stool samples, compared the composition of intestinal flora using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, and performed organic acid analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography. The intestinal flora analysis revealed that NSAID [indomethacin (IDM)] administration increased Erysipelotrichaceae and decreased Clostridiales but that both had improved with the concurrent administration of H(2)RA. Fecal levels of acetic, propionic, and n-butyric acids increased with IDM administration and decreased with the concurrent administration of H(2)RA. Although in NSAID-induced gastroenteritis the proportion of intestinal microorganisms changes, leading to the deterioration of the intestinal environment, concurrent administration of H(2)RA can normalize the intestinal flora.