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Spectral Reflectance Can Differentiate Tracheal and Esophageal Tissue in the Presence of Bodily Fluids and Soot

Endotracheal intubation is a common life-saving procedure implemented in emergency care to ensure patient oxygenation, but it is difficult and often performed in suboptimal conditions leading to high rates of patient complications. Undetected misplacement in the esophagus is a preventable complicati...

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Autores principales: Berard, David, Sen, Chirantan, Nawn, Corinne D., Blackburn, August N., Ryan, Kathy L., Blackburn, Megan B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7662513/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33126680
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216138
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author Berard, David
Sen, Chirantan
Nawn, Corinne D.
Blackburn, August N.
Ryan, Kathy L.
Blackburn, Megan B.
author_facet Berard, David
Sen, Chirantan
Nawn, Corinne D.
Blackburn, August N.
Ryan, Kathy L.
Blackburn, Megan B.
author_sort Berard, David
collection PubMed
description Endotracheal intubation is a common life-saving procedure implemented in emergency care to ensure patient oxygenation, but it is difficult and often performed in suboptimal conditions leading to high rates of patient complications. Undetected misplacement in the esophagus is a preventable complication that can lead to fatalities in 5–10% of patients who undergo emergency intubation. End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring and other proper placement detection methods are useful, yet the problem of misplacement persists. Our previous work demonstrated the utility of spectral reflectance sensors for differentiating esophageal and tracheal tissues, which can be used to confirm proper endotracheal tube placement. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of spectral characterization in the presence of saline, blood, “vomit”, and soot in the trachea. Our results show that spectral properties of the trachea that differentiate it from the esophagus persist in the presence of these substances. This work further confirms the potential usefulness of this novel detection technology in field applications.
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spelling pubmed-76625132020-11-14 Spectral Reflectance Can Differentiate Tracheal and Esophageal Tissue in the Presence of Bodily Fluids and Soot Berard, David Sen, Chirantan Nawn, Corinne D. Blackburn, August N. Ryan, Kathy L. Blackburn, Megan B. Sensors (Basel) Letter Endotracheal intubation is a common life-saving procedure implemented in emergency care to ensure patient oxygenation, but it is difficult and often performed in suboptimal conditions leading to high rates of patient complications. Undetected misplacement in the esophagus is a preventable complication that can lead to fatalities in 5–10% of patients who undergo emergency intubation. End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring and other proper placement detection methods are useful, yet the problem of misplacement persists. Our previous work demonstrated the utility of spectral reflectance sensors for differentiating esophageal and tracheal tissues, which can be used to confirm proper endotracheal tube placement. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of spectral characterization in the presence of saline, blood, “vomit”, and soot in the trachea. Our results show that spectral properties of the trachea that differentiate it from the esophagus persist in the presence of these substances. This work further confirms the potential usefulness of this novel detection technology in field applications. MDPI 2020-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7662513/ /pubmed/33126680 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216138 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Letter
Berard, David
Sen, Chirantan
Nawn, Corinne D.
Blackburn, August N.
Ryan, Kathy L.
Blackburn, Megan B.
Spectral Reflectance Can Differentiate Tracheal and Esophageal Tissue in the Presence of Bodily Fluids and Soot
title Spectral Reflectance Can Differentiate Tracheal and Esophageal Tissue in the Presence of Bodily Fluids and Soot
title_full Spectral Reflectance Can Differentiate Tracheal and Esophageal Tissue in the Presence of Bodily Fluids and Soot
title_fullStr Spectral Reflectance Can Differentiate Tracheal and Esophageal Tissue in the Presence of Bodily Fluids and Soot
title_full_unstemmed Spectral Reflectance Can Differentiate Tracheal and Esophageal Tissue in the Presence of Bodily Fluids and Soot
title_short Spectral Reflectance Can Differentiate Tracheal and Esophageal Tissue in the Presence of Bodily Fluids and Soot
title_sort spectral reflectance can differentiate tracheal and esophageal tissue in the presence of bodily fluids and soot
topic Letter
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7662513/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33126680
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216138
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