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Current Targets and Bioconjugation Strategies in Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer
Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) are emerging, non/minimally invasive techniques for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Both techniques require a photosensitizer and light to visualize or destroy cancer cells. However, a limitation of conventional, non-targeted PDT is poor selectivity, ca...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7662882/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33121022 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25214964 |
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author | Gomez, Salvador Tsung, Allan Hu, Zhiwei |
author_facet | Gomez, Salvador Tsung, Allan Hu, Zhiwei |
author_sort | Gomez, Salvador |
collection | PubMed |
description | Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) are emerging, non/minimally invasive techniques for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Both techniques require a photosensitizer and light to visualize or destroy cancer cells. However, a limitation of conventional, non-targeted PDT is poor selectivity, causing side effects. The bioconjugation of a photosensitizer to a tumor-targeting molecule, such as an antibody or a ligand peptide, is a way to improve selectivity. The bioconjugation strategy can generate a tumor-targeting photosensitizer conjugate specific for cancer cells, or ideally, for multiple tumor compartments to improve selectivity and efficacy, such as cancer stem cells and tumor neovasculature within the tumor microenvironment. If successful, such targeted photosensitizer conjugates can also be used for specific visualization and detection of cancer cells and/or tumor angiogenesis (an early event in tumorigenesis) with the hope of an early diagnosis of cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize some current promising target molecules, e.g., tissue factor (also known as CD142), and the currently used bioconjugation strategies in PDT and PDD, with a focus on newly developed protein photosensitizers. These are genetically engineered photosensitizers, with the possibility of generating a fusion protein photosensitizer by recombinant DNA technology for both PDT and PDD without the need of chemical conjugation. We believe that providing an overview of promising targets and bioconjugation strategies will aid in driving research in this field forward towards more effective, less toxic, and non- or minimally invasive treatment and diagnosis options for cancer patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7662882 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76628822020-11-14 Current Targets and Bioconjugation Strategies in Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer Gomez, Salvador Tsung, Allan Hu, Zhiwei Molecules Review Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) are emerging, non/minimally invasive techniques for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Both techniques require a photosensitizer and light to visualize or destroy cancer cells. However, a limitation of conventional, non-targeted PDT is poor selectivity, causing side effects. The bioconjugation of a photosensitizer to a tumor-targeting molecule, such as an antibody or a ligand peptide, is a way to improve selectivity. The bioconjugation strategy can generate a tumor-targeting photosensitizer conjugate specific for cancer cells, or ideally, for multiple tumor compartments to improve selectivity and efficacy, such as cancer stem cells and tumor neovasculature within the tumor microenvironment. If successful, such targeted photosensitizer conjugates can also be used for specific visualization and detection of cancer cells and/or tumor angiogenesis (an early event in tumorigenesis) with the hope of an early diagnosis of cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize some current promising target molecules, e.g., tissue factor (also known as CD142), and the currently used bioconjugation strategies in PDT and PDD, with a focus on newly developed protein photosensitizers. These are genetically engineered photosensitizers, with the possibility of generating a fusion protein photosensitizer by recombinant DNA technology for both PDT and PDD without the need of chemical conjugation. We believe that providing an overview of promising targets and bioconjugation strategies will aid in driving research in this field forward towards more effective, less toxic, and non- or minimally invasive treatment and diagnosis options for cancer patients. MDPI 2020-10-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7662882/ /pubmed/33121022 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25214964 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Gomez, Salvador Tsung, Allan Hu, Zhiwei Current Targets and Bioconjugation Strategies in Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer |
title | Current Targets and Bioconjugation Strategies in Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer |
title_full | Current Targets and Bioconjugation Strategies in Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer |
title_fullStr | Current Targets and Bioconjugation Strategies in Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Current Targets and Bioconjugation Strategies in Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer |
title_short | Current Targets and Bioconjugation Strategies in Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer |
title_sort | current targets and bioconjugation strategies in photodynamic diagnosis and therapy of cancer |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7662882/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33121022 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25214964 |
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