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Preparation and Characterisation of Activated Carbon from Palm Mixed Waste Treated with Trona Ore
This study explores the use of a novel activating agent and demonstrates the production and characterisation of activated carbon (AC) from a combine palm waste (CPW) in 3:2:1 proportion by weight of empty fruit bunch, mesocarp fibre and palm kernel shell. The resulting biomass was processed by a mic...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663104/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33138276 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215028 |
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author | Ukanwa, Kalu Samuel Patchigolla, Kumar Sakrabani, Ruben Anthony, Edward |
author_facet | Ukanwa, Kalu Samuel Patchigolla, Kumar Sakrabani, Ruben Anthony, Edward |
author_sort | Ukanwa, Kalu Samuel |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study explores the use of a novel activating agent and demonstrates the production and characterisation of activated carbon (AC) from a combine palm waste (CPW) in 3:2:1 proportion by weight of empty fruit bunch, mesocarp fibre and palm kernel shell. The resulting biomass was processed by a microwave-assisted method using trona and compared with material produced by conventional routes. These results demonstrate the potential of trona ore as an activating agent and the effectiveness of using a combined palm waste for a single stream activation process. It also assesses the effectiveness of trona ore in the elimination of alcohol, acids and aldehydes; with a focus on increasing the hydrophilicity of the resultant AC. The optimum results for the conventional production technique at 800 °C yielded a material with S(BET) 920 m(2)/g, V(total) 0.840 cm(3)/g, a mean pore diameter of 2.2 nm and an AC yield 40%. The optimum outcome of the microwave assisted technique for CPW was achieved at 600 W, S(BET) is 980 m(2)/g; V(total) 0.865 cm(3)/g; a mean pore diameter 2.2 nm and an AC yield of 42%. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry analyses showed that palm waste can be combined to produce AC and that trona ore has the capacity to significantly enhance biomass activation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7663104 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76631042020-11-14 Preparation and Characterisation of Activated Carbon from Palm Mixed Waste Treated with Trona Ore Ukanwa, Kalu Samuel Patchigolla, Kumar Sakrabani, Ruben Anthony, Edward Molecules Article This study explores the use of a novel activating agent and demonstrates the production and characterisation of activated carbon (AC) from a combine palm waste (CPW) in 3:2:1 proportion by weight of empty fruit bunch, mesocarp fibre and palm kernel shell. The resulting biomass was processed by a microwave-assisted method using trona and compared with material produced by conventional routes. These results demonstrate the potential of trona ore as an activating agent and the effectiveness of using a combined palm waste for a single stream activation process. It also assesses the effectiveness of trona ore in the elimination of alcohol, acids and aldehydes; with a focus on increasing the hydrophilicity of the resultant AC. The optimum results for the conventional production technique at 800 °C yielded a material with S(BET) 920 m(2)/g, V(total) 0.840 cm(3)/g, a mean pore diameter of 2.2 nm and an AC yield 40%. The optimum outcome of the microwave assisted technique for CPW was achieved at 600 W, S(BET) is 980 m(2)/g; V(total) 0.865 cm(3)/g; a mean pore diameter 2.2 nm and an AC yield of 42%. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry analyses showed that palm waste can be combined to produce AC and that trona ore has the capacity to significantly enhance biomass activation. MDPI 2020-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7663104/ /pubmed/33138276 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215028 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ukanwa, Kalu Samuel Patchigolla, Kumar Sakrabani, Ruben Anthony, Edward Preparation and Characterisation of Activated Carbon from Palm Mixed Waste Treated with Trona Ore |
title | Preparation and Characterisation of Activated Carbon from Palm Mixed Waste Treated with Trona Ore |
title_full | Preparation and Characterisation of Activated Carbon from Palm Mixed Waste Treated with Trona Ore |
title_fullStr | Preparation and Characterisation of Activated Carbon from Palm Mixed Waste Treated with Trona Ore |
title_full_unstemmed | Preparation and Characterisation of Activated Carbon from Palm Mixed Waste Treated with Trona Ore |
title_short | Preparation and Characterisation of Activated Carbon from Palm Mixed Waste Treated with Trona Ore |
title_sort | preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from palm mixed waste treated with trona ore |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663104/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33138276 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215028 |
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