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Current metabolic perspective on malnutrition in obesity: towards more subgroup-based nutritional approaches?

Lifestyle intervention may be effective in reducing type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence and cardiometabolic risk. A more personalised nutritional approach based on an individual or subgroup-based metabolic profile may optimise intervention outcome. Whole body insulin resistance (IR) reflects defectiv...

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Autor principal: Blaak, Ellen E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cambridge University Press 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663313/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32122428
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0029665120000117
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author Blaak, Ellen E.
author_facet Blaak, Ellen E.
author_sort Blaak, Ellen E.
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description Lifestyle intervention may be effective in reducing type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence and cardiometabolic risk. A more personalised nutritional approach based on an individual or subgroup-based metabolic profile may optimise intervention outcome. Whole body insulin resistance (IR) reflects defective insulin action in tissues such as muscle, liver, adipose tissue, gut and brain, which may precede the development of cardiometabolic diseases. IR may develop in different organs but the severity may vary between organs. Individuals with more pronounced hepatic IR have a distinct plasma metabolome and lipidome profile as compared with individuals with more pronounced muscle IR. Additionally, genes related to extracellular modelling were upregulated in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in individuals with more pronounced hepatic IR, whilst genes related to inflammation as well as systemic low-grade inflammation were upregulated in individuals with primarily muscle IR. There are indications that these distinct IR phenotypes may also respond differentially to dietary macronutrient composition. Besides metabolic phenotype, microbial phenotype may be of importance in personalising the response to diet. In particular fibres or fibre mixtures, leading to a high distal acetate and SCFA production may have more pronounced effects on metabolic health. Notably, individuals with prediabetes may have a reduced response to diet-induced microbiota modulation with respect to host insulin sensitivity and metabolic health outcomes. Overall, we need more research to relate metabolic subphenotypes to intervention outcomes to define more optimal diets for individuals with or predisposed to chronic metabolic diseases.
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spelling pubmed-76633132020-11-20 Current metabolic perspective on malnutrition in obesity: towards more subgroup-based nutritional approaches? Blaak, Ellen E. Proc Nutr Soc Conference on ‘Malnutrition in an obese world: European perspectives’ Lifestyle intervention may be effective in reducing type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence and cardiometabolic risk. A more personalised nutritional approach based on an individual or subgroup-based metabolic profile may optimise intervention outcome. Whole body insulin resistance (IR) reflects defective insulin action in tissues such as muscle, liver, adipose tissue, gut and brain, which may precede the development of cardiometabolic diseases. IR may develop in different organs but the severity may vary between organs. Individuals with more pronounced hepatic IR have a distinct plasma metabolome and lipidome profile as compared with individuals with more pronounced muscle IR. Additionally, genes related to extracellular modelling were upregulated in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in individuals with more pronounced hepatic IR, whilst genes related to inflammation as well as systemic low-grade inflammation were upregulated in individuals with primarily muscle IR. There are indications that these distinct IR phenotypes may also respond differentially to dietary macronutrient composition. Besides metabolic phenotype, microbial phenotype may be of importance in personalising the response to diet. In particular fibres or fibre mixtures, leading to a high distal acetate and SCFA production may have more pronounced effects on metabolic health. Notably, individuals with prediabetes may have a reduced response to diet-induced microbiota modulation with respect to host insulin sensitivity and metabolic health outcomes. Overall, we need more research to relate metabolic subphenotypes to intervention outcomes to define more optimal diets for individuals with or predisposed to chronic metabolic diseases. Cambridge University Press 2020-08 2020-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7663313/ /pubmed/32122428 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0029665120000117 Text en © The Author 2020 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Conference on ‘Malnutrition in an obese world: European perspectives’
Blaak, Ellen E.
Current metabolic perspective on malnutrition in obesity: towards more subgroup-based nutritional approaches?
title Current metabolic perspective on malnutrition in obesity: towards more subgroup-based nutritional approaches?
title_full Current metabolic perspective on malnutrition in obesity: towards more subgroup-based nutritional approaches?
title_fullStr Current metabolic perspective on malnutrition in obesity: towards more subgroup-based nutritional approaches?
title_full_unstemmed Current metabolic perspective on malnutrition in obesity: towards more subgroup-based nutritional approaches?
title_short Current metabolic perspective on malnutrition in obesity: towards more subgroup-based nutritional approaches?
title_sort current metabolic perspective on malnutrition in obesity: towards more subgroup-based nutritional approaches?
topic Conference on ‘Malnutrition in an obese world: European perspectives’
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663313/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32122428
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0029665120000117
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