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Exogenous Glutathione Alleviation of Cd Toxicity in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) by Modulation of the Cd Absorption, Subcellular Distribution, and Chemical Form

Subcellular fractions and the chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) reflect its level of toxicity to plants; however, these effects of exogenous glutathione (GSH) are poorly understood. We exposed two Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) cultivars (IdyII and Harukaze) to 50 µM Cd or 200 µM GSH to investig...

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Autores principales: Fang, Zhigang, Hu, Zhaoyang, Yin, Xinqiang, Song, Gang, Cai, Qingsheng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663564/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33158133
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218143
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author Fang, Zhigang
Hu, Zhaoyang
Yin, Xinqiang
Song, Gang
Cai, Qingsheng
author_facet Fang, Zhigang
Hu, Zhaoyang
Yin, Xinqiang
Song, Gang
Cai, Qingsheng
author_sort Fang, Zhigang
collection PubMed
description Subcellular fractions and the chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) reflect its level of toxicity to plants; however, these effects of exogenous glutathione (GSH) are poorly understood. We exposed two Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) cultivars (IdyII and Harukaze) to 50 µM Cd or 200 µM GSH to investigate the effect of GSH on the Cd uptake, subcellular compartments, and chemical forms. Cd significantly inhibited the plant growth, while GSH supplementation decreased this inhibition. The application of GSH significantly improved the Cd concentration in the roots but reduced that in the shoots and decreased the Cd translocation from root to shoot. The Cd concentration of the root in the cell wall was increased while the concentration in the soluble fraction was decreased when supplied with GSH. The inorganic form (80% ethanol for Cd extraction) in the roots was significantly reduced when treated with GSH. The Cd form extracted by 2% acetic acid (HAC) with low toxicity and immobility were greatly increased. In leaves, the application GSH decreased in any form of Cd form extracted. In conclusion, exogenous GSH decreased the translocation of Cd and alleviated Italian ryegrass Cd toxicity by accumulating more Cd in the root cell wall and immobilizing more Cd in lower toxicity fractions.
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spelling pubmed-76635642020-11-14 Exogenous Glutathione Alleviation of Cd Toxicity in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) by Modulation of the Cd Absorption, Subcellular Distribution, and Chemical Form Fang, Zhigang Hu, Zhaoyang Yin, Xinqiang Song, Gang Cai, Qingsheng Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Subcellular fractions and the chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) reflect its level of toxicity to plants; however, these effects of exogenous glutathione (GSH) are poorly understood. We exposed two Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) cultivars (IdyII and Harukaze) to 50 µM Cd or 200 µM GSH to investigate the effect of GSH on the Cd uptake, subcellular compartments, and chemical forms. Cd significantly inhibited the plant growth, while GSH supplementation decreased this inhibition. The application of GSH significantly improved the Cd concentration in the roots but reduced that in the shoots and decreased the Cd translocation from root to shoot. The Cd concentration of the root in the cell wall was increased while the concentration in the soluble fraction was decreased when supplied with GSH. The inorganic form (80% ethanol for Cd extraction) in the roots was significantly reduced when treated with GSH. The Cd form extracted by 2% acetic acid (HAC) with low toxicity and immobility were greatly increased. In leaves, the application GSH decreased in any form of Cd form extracted. In conclusion, exogenous GSH decreased the translocation of Cd and alleviated Italian ryegrass Cd toxicity by accumulating more Cd in the root cell wall and immobilizing more Cd in lower toxicity fractions. MDPI 2020-11-04 2020-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7663564/ /pubmed/33158133 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218143 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Fang, Zhigang
Hu, Zhaoyang
Yin, Xinqiang
Song, Gang
Cai, Qingsheng
Exogenous Glutathione Alleviation of Cd Toxicity in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) by Modulation of the Cd Absorption, Subcellular Distribution, and Chemical Form
title Exogenous Glutathione Alleviation of Cd Toxicity in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) by Modulation of the Cd Absorption, Subcellular Distribution, and Chemical Form
title_full Exogenous Glutathione Alleviation of Cd Toxicity in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) by Modulation of the Cd Absorption, Subcellular Distribution, and Chemical Form
title_fullStr Exogenous Glutathione Alleviation of Cd Toxicity in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) by Modulation of the Cd Absorption, Subcellular Distribution, and Chemical Form
title_full_unstemmed Exogenous Glutathione Alleviation of Cd Toxicity in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) by Modulation of the Cd Absorption, Subcellular Distribution, and Chemical Form
title_short Exogenous Glutathione Alleviation of Cd Toxicity in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) by Modulation of the Cd Absorption, Subcellular Distribution, and Chemical Form
title_sort exogenous glutathione alleviation of cd toxicity in italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum) by modulation of the cd absorption, subcellular distribution, and chemical form
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663564/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33158133
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218143
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