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The Determinants of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in IBD Italian Patients. Results from the AMICI Survey
Decision makers are used to consider Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) within a health technology assessment framework in order to account for an indicator relying on the level of fairness and on the quality of care of a health system. In this paper, we provide estimates on the determinants of OOPE i...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663576/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33158223 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218156 |
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author | Ruggeri, Matteo Drago, Carlo Cadeddu, Chiara Armuzzi, Alessandro Leone, Salvo Marchetti, Marco |
author_facet | Ruggeri, Matteo Drago, Carlo Cadeddu, Chiara Armuzzi, Alessandro Leone, Salvo Marchetti, Marco |
author_sort | Ruggeri, Matteo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Decision makers are used to consider Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) within a health technology assessment framework in order to account for an indicator relying on the level of fairness and on the quality of care of a health system. In this paper, we provide estimates on the determinants of OOPE in Italy by using data coming from an observational cross-sectional study that enrolled a sample of 2526 patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases. We explore the association between OOPE and: (1) geographical location; (2) income effects; (3) performances in delivering healthcare. A regression model was used. Individuals’ age were in the range of 18–88 (mean 44 ± 14.55). Forty-six percent were females, 54% were married and 19% held a bachelor degree. Ninety-six percent of respondents declared an OOPE >0 whose mean value was €960 ± €950. Individuals belonging to low-income and low-performance regions were more likely to declare an OOPE >0 (99%). Regression findings suggest that increases in OOPE could be considered as a response from patients aiming to compensate for lacks and inefficiencies in the public healthcare offers. Policymakers should consider increases in OOPE in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) as an indicator of poor quality of care and poor fairness. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7663576 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76635762020-11-14 The Determinants of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in IBD Italian Patients. Results from the AMICI Survey Ruggeri, Matteo Drago, Carlo Cadeddu, Chiara Armuzzi, Alessandro Leone, Salvo Marchetti, Marco Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Decision makers are used to consider Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) within a health technology assessment framework in order to account for an indicator relying on the level of fairness and on the quality of care of a health system. In this paper, we provide estimates on the determinants of OOPE in Italy by using data coming from an observational cross-sectional study that enrolled a sample of 2526 patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases. We explore the association between OOPE and: (1) geographical location; (2) income effects; (3) performances in delivering healthcare. A regression model was used. Individuals’ age were in the range of 18–88 (mean 44 ± 14.55). Forty-six percent were females, 54% were married and 19% held a bachelor degree. Ninety-six percent of respondents declared an OOPE >0 whose mean value was €960 ± €950. Individuals belonging to low-income and low-performance regions were more likely to declare an OOPE >0 (99%). Regression findings suggest that increases in OOPE could be considered as a response from patients aiming to compensate for lacks and inefficiencies in the public healthcare offers. Policymakers should consider increases in OOPE in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) as an indicator of poor quality of care and poor fairness. MDPI 2020-11-04 2020-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7663576/ /pubmed/33158223 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218156 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ruggeri, Matteo Drago, Carlo Cadeddu, Chiara Armuzzi, Alessandro Leone, Salvo Marchetti, Marco The Determinants of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in IBD Italian Patients. Results from the AMICI Survey |
title | The Determinants of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in IBD Italian Patients. Results from the AMICI Survey |
title_full | The Determinants of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in IBD Italian Patients. Results from the AMICI Survey |
title_fullStr | The Determinants of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in IBD Italian Patients. Results from the AMICI Survey |
title_full_unstemmed | The Determinants of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in IBD Italian Patients. Results from the AMICI Survey |
title_short | The Determinants of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in IBD Italian Patients. Results from the AMICI Survey |
title_sort | determinants of out-of-pocket expenditure in ibd italian patients. results from the amici survey |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663576/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33158223 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218156 |
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