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The Determinants of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in IBD Italian Patients. Results from the AMICI Survey

Decision makers are used to consider Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) within a health technology assessment framework in order to account for an indicator relying on the level of fairness and on the quality of care of a health system. In this paper, we provide estimates on the determinants of OOPE i...

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Autores principales: Ruggeri, Matteo, Drago, Carlo, Cadeddu, Chiara, Armuzzi, Alessandro, Leone, Salvo, Marchetti, Marco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663576/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33158223
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218156
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author Ruggeri, Matteo
Drago, Carlo
Cadeddu, Chiara
Armuzzi, Alessandro
Leone, Salvo
Marchetti, Marco
author_facet Ruggeri, Matteo
Drago, Carlo
Cadeddu, Chiara
Armuzzi, Alessandro
Leone, Salvo
Marchetti, Marco
author_sort Ruggeri, Matteo
collection PubMed
description Decision makers are used to consider Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) within a health technology assessment framework in order to account for an indicator relying on the level of fairness and on the quality of care of a health system. In this paper, we provide estimates on the determinants of OOPE in Italy by using data coming from an observational cross-sectional study that enrolled a sample of 2526 patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases. We explore the association between OOPE and: (1) geographical location; (2) income effects; (3) performances in delivering healthcare. A regression model was used. Individuals’ age were in the range of 18–88 (mean 44 ± 14.55). Forty-six percent were females, 54% were married and 19% held a bachelor degree. Ninety-six percent of respondents declared an OOPE >0 whose mean value was €960 ± €950. Individuals belonging to low-income and low-performance regions were more likely to declare an OOPE >0 (99%). Regression findings suggest that increases in OOPE could be considered as a response from patients aiming to compensate for lacks and inefficiencies in the public healthcare offers. Policymakers should consider increases in OOPE in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) as an indicator of poor quality of care and poor fairness.
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spelling pubmed-76635762020-11-14 The Determinants of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in IBD Italian Patients. Results from the AMICI Survey Ruggeri, Matteo Drago, Carlo Cadeddu, Chiara Armuzzi, Alessandro Leone, Salvo Marchetti, Marco Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Decision makers are used to consider Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) within a health technology assessment framework in order to account for an indicator relying on the level of fairness and on the quality of care of a health system. In this paper, we provide estimates on the determinants of OOPE in Italy by using data coming from an observational cross-sectional study that enrolled a sample of 2526 patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases. We explore the association between OOPE and: (1) geographical location; (2) income effects; (3) performances in delivering healthcare. A regression model was used. Individuals’ age were in the range of 18–88 (mean 44 ± 14.55). Forty-six percent were females, 54% were married and 19% held a bachelor degree. Ninety-six percent of respondents declared an OOPE >0 whose mean value was €960 ± €950. Individuals belonging to low-income and low-performance regions were more likely to declare an OOPE >0 (99%). Regression findings suggest that increases in OOPE could be considered as a response from patients aiming to compensate for lacks and inefficiencies in the public healthcare offers. Policymakers should consider increases in OOPE in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) as an indicator of poor quality of care and poor fairness. MDPI 2020-11-04 2020-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7663576/ /pubmed/33158223 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218156 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ruggeri, Matteo
Drago, Carlo
Cadeddu, Chiara
Armuzzi, Alessandro
Leone, Salvo
Marchetti, Marco
The Determinants of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in IBD Italian Patients. Results from the AMICI Survey
title The Determinants of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in IBD Italian Patients. Results from the AMICI Survey
title_full The Determinants of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in IBD Italian Patients. Results from the AMICI Survey
title_fullStr The Determinants of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in IBD Italian Patients. Results from the AMICI Survey
title_full_unstemmed The Determinants of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in IBD Italian Patients. Results from the AMICI Survey
title_short The Determinants of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in IBD Italian Patients. Results from the AMICI Survey
title_sort determinants of out-of-pocket expenditure in ibd italian patients. results from the amici survey
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663576/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33158223
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218156
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