Cargando…

Recent Advances in Single-Particle Electron Microscopic Analysis of Autophagy Degradation Machinery

Macroautophagy (also known as autophagy) is a major pathway for selective degradation of misfolded/aggregated proteins and damaged organelles and non-selective degradation of cytoplasmic constituents for the generation of power during nutrient deprivation. The multi-step degradation process, from se...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Cheung, Yiu Wing Sunny, Nam, Sung-Eun, Yip, Calvin K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663694/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33126766
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218051
_version_ 1783609686759571456
author Cheung, Yiu Wing Sunny
Nam, Sung-Eun
Yip, Calvin K.
author_facet Cheung, Yiu Wing Sunny
Nam, Sung-Eun
Yip, Calvin K.
author_sort Cheung, Yiu Wing Sunny
collection PubMed
description Macroautophagy (also known as autophagy) is a major pathway for selective degradation of misfolded/aggregated proteins and damaged organelles and non-selective degradation of cytoplasmic constituents for the generation of power during nutrient deprivation. The multi-step degradation process, from sequestering cytoplasmic cargo into the double-membrane vesicle termed autophagosome to the delivery of the autophagosome to the lysosome or lytic vacuole for breakdown, is mediated by the core autophagy machinery composed of multiple Atg proteins, as well as the divergent sequence family of selective autophagy receptors. Single-particle electron microscopy (EM) is a molecular imaging approach that has become an increasingly important tool in the structural characterization of proteins and macromolecular complexes. This article summarizes the contributions single-particle EM have made in advancing our understanding of the core autophagy machinery and selective autophagy receptors. We also discuss current technical challenges and roadblocks, as well as look into the future of single-particle EM in autophagy research.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7663694
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-76636942020-11-14 Recent Advances in Single-Particle Electron Microscopic Analysis of Autophagy Degradation Machinery Cheung, Yiu Wing Sunny Nam, Sung-Eun Yip, Calvin K. Int J Mol Sci Review Macroautophagy (also known as autophagy) is a major pathway for selective degradation of misfolded/aggregated proteins and damaged organelles and non-selective degradation of cytoplasmic constituents for the generation of power during nutrient deprivation. The multi-step degradation process, from sequestering cytoplasmic cargo into the double-membrane vesicle termed autophagosome to the delivery of the autophagosome to the lysosome or lytic vacuole for breakdown, is mediated by the core autophagy machinery composed of multiple Atg proteins, as well as the divergent sequence family of selective autophagy receptors. Single-particle electron microscopy (EM) is a molecular imaging approach that has become an increasingly important tool in the structural characterization of proteins and macromolecular complexes. This article summarizes the contributions single-particle EM have made in advancing our understanding of the core autophagy machinery and selective autophagy receptors. We also discuss current technical challenges and roadblocks, as well as look into the future of single-particle EM in autophagy research. MDPI 2020-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7663694/ /pubmed/33126766 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218051 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Cheung, Yiu Wing Sunny
Nam, Sung-Eun
Yip, Calvin K.
Recent Advances in Single-Particle Electron Microscopic Analysis of Autophagy Degradation Machinery
title Recent Advances in Single-Particle Electron Microscopic Analysis of Autophagy Degradation Machinery
title_full Recent Advances in Single-Particle Electron Microscopic Analysis of Autophagy Degradation Machinery
title_fullStr Recent Advances in Single-Particle Electron Microscopic Analysis of Autophagy Degradation Machinery
title_full_unstemmed Recent Advances in Single-Particle Electron Microscopic Analysis of Autophagy Degradation Machinery
title_short Recent Advances in Single-Particle Electron Microscopic Analysis of Autophagy Degradation Machinery
title_sort recent advances in single-particle electron microscopic analysis of autophagy degradation machinery
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663694/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33126766
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218051
work_keys_str_mv AT cheungyiuwingsunny recentadvancesinsingleparticleelectronmicroscopicanalysisofautophagydegradationmachinery
AT namsungeun recentadvancesinsingleparticleelectronmicroscopicanalysisofautophagydegradationmachinery
AT yipcalvink recentadvancesinsingleparticleelectronmicroscopicanalysisofautophagydegradationmachinery