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Sexual Dimorphism in the Chemical Composition of Male and Female in the Dioecious Tree, Juniperus communis L., Growing under Different Nutritional Conditions

We hypothesized that female and male individuals of the dioecious tree species, Juniperus communis, exhibit different strategies of resource allocation when growing under stress conditions. To test this hypothesis, we performed a two-year pot experiment on plants exposed to different levels of nutri...

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Autores principales: Rabska, Mariola, Pers-Kamczyc, Emilia, Żytkowiak, Roma, Adamczyk, Dawid, Iszkuło, Grzegorz
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663750/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33142994
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218094
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author Rabska, Mariola
Pers-Kamczyc, Emilia
Żytkowiak, Roma
Adamczyk, Dawid
Iszkuło, Grzegorz
author_facet Rabska, Mariola
Pers-Kamczyc, Emilia
Żytkowiak, Roma
Adamczyk, Dawid
Iszkuło, Grzegorz
author_sort Rabska, Mariola
collection PubMed
description We hypothesized that female and male individuals of the dioecious tree species, Juniperus communis, exhibit different strategies of resource allocation when growing under stress conditions. To test this hypothesis, we performed a two-year pot experiment on plants exposed to different levels of nutrient availability. Analysis of the plants revealed a higher concentration of carbohydrates, carbon, and phenolic compounds in needles of female plants, indicating that females allocate more resources to storage and defense than males. This difference was independent of nutrient availability. Differences in carbohydrates levels between the sexes were most often significant in June, during the most intensive phase of vegetative growth in both sexes, but could also be attributed to female resources investment in cone development. A higher level of nitrogen and other macroelements was observed in males than in females, which may have been connected to the accumulation of resources (nitrogen) for pollen grain production in males or greater allocation of these elements to seeds and cones in females. The interaction between sex and soil fertilization for the C:N ratio may also indicate sex-specific patterns of resource allocation and utilization, which is impacted by their availability during specific periods of J. communis annual life cycle.
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spelling pubmed-76637502020-11-14 Sexual Dimorphism in the Chemical Composition of Male and Female in the Dioecious Tree, Juniperus communis L., Growing under Different Nutritional Conditions Rabska, Mariola Pers-Kamczyc, Emilia Żytkowiak, Roma Adamczyk, Dawid Iszkuło, Grzegorz Int J Mol Sci Article We hypothesized that female and male individuals of the dioecious tree species, Juniperus communis, exhibit different strategies of resource allocation when growing under stress conditions. To test this hypothesis, we performed a two-year pot experiment on plants exposed to different levels of nutrient availability. Analysis of the plants revealed a higher concentration of carbohydrates, carbon, and phenolic compounds in needles of female plants, indicating that females allocate more resources to storage and defense than males. This difference was independent of nutrient availability. Differences in carbohydrates levels between the sexes were most often significant in June, during the most intensive phase of vegetative growth in both sexes, but could also be attributed to female resources investment in cone development. A higher level of nitrogen and other macroelements was observed in males than in females, which may have been connected to the accumulation of resources (nitrogen) for pollen grain production in males or greater allocation of these elements to seeds and cones in females. The interaction between sex and soil fertilization for the C:N ratio may also indicate sex-specific patterns of resource allocation and utilization, which is impacted by their availability during specific periods of J. communis annual life cycle. MDPI 2020-10-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7663750/ /pubmed/33142994 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218094 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Rabska, Mariola
Pers-Kamczyc, Emilia
Żytkowiak, Roma
Adamczyk, Dawid
Iszkuło, Grzegorz
Sexual Dimorphism in the Chemical Composition of Male and Female in the Dioecious Tree, Juniperus communis L., Growing under Different Nutritional Conditions
title Sexual Dimorphism in the Chemical Composition of Male and Female in the Dioecious Tree, Juniperus communis L., Growing under Different Nutritional Conditions
title_full Sexual Dimorphism in the Chemical Composition of Male and Female in the Dioecious Tree, Juniperus communis L., Growing under Different Nutritional Conditions
title_fullStr Sexual Dimorphism in the Chemical Composition of Male and Female in the Dioecious Tree, Juniperus communis L., Growing under Different Nutritional Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Sexual Dimorphism in the Chemical Composition of Male and Female in the Dioecious Tree, Juniperus communis L., Growing under Different Nutritional Conditions
title_short Sexual Dimorphism in the Chemical Composition of Male and Female in the Dioecious Tree, Juniperus communis L., Growing under Different Nutritional Conditions
title_sort sexual dimorphism in the chemical composition of male and female in the dioecious tree, juniperus communis l., growing under different nutritional conditions
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663750/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33142994
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218094
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