Car Seats with Capacitive ECG Electrodes Can Detect Cardiac Pacemaker Spikes

The capacitive electrocardiograph (cECG) has been tested for several measurement scenarios, including hospital beds, car seats and chairs since it was first proposed. The inferior signal quality of the cECG compared to the gold standard ECG guides the ongoing research in the direction of out-of-hospital applications, where unobtrusiveness is sought and high-level diagnostic signal quality is not essential. This study aims to expand the application range of cECG not in terms of the measurement scenario but in the profile of the subjects by including subjects with implanted cardiac pacemakers. Within this study, 20 patients with cardiac pacemakers were recruited during their clinical device follow-up and cECG measurements were conducted using a seat equipped with integrated cECG electrodes. The multichannel cECG recordings of active unipolar and bipolar pacemaker stimulation were analyzed offline and evaluated in terms of [Formula: see text] scores using a pacemaker spike detection algorithm. [Formula: see text] scores from 3652 pacing events, varying from 0.62 to 0.78, are presented with influencing parameters in the algorithm and the comparison of cECG channels. By tuning the parameters of the algorithm, different ranges of [Formula: see text] scores were found as 0.32 to 0.49 and 0.78 to 0.88 for bipolar and unipolar stimulations, respectively. For the first time, this study shows the feasibility of a cECG system allowing health monitoring in daily use on subjects wearing cardiac pacemakers.