Risk Factors for Residual Disease in Hysterectomy Specimens After Conization in Post-Menopausal Patients with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 3

BACKGROUND: Post-menopausal patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) have a high rate of residual or recurrent lesions after treatment, and their risk for cervical cancer later in life is higher than the general population. Hence, management for this specific group of post-menopausal patients needs more attention. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to identify risk factors associated with the presence of residual disease in hysterectomy specimens in post-menopausal patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3). METHODS: This study was a retrospective analysis of data from post-menopausal women who had undergone hysterectomy following conization for CIN 3 from 2012 to 2018 at Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital. Factors extracted from the database included age, parity, Thinprep cytology results, human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype, biopsy results, pre-cone endocervical curettage (ECC) results, conization method, operating surgeon, cone dimension, margin status and glandular involvement. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with residual disease in hysterectomy specimens. RESULTS: Analysis of data from 129 women was performed. The proportion of residual disease was 43.41% overall. A higher grade according to colposcopy biopsy, abnormal pre-cone ECC results, the cone method (LEEP vs CKC), a cone volume >1.57 cm(3), and positive margins in conization specimens were found to be significantly associated with residual lesions on univariable analysis. After multivariate analysis, only an abnormal pre-cone ECC result (odds ratio 3.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41–11.33; p = 0.009) remained significant. CONCLUSION: The rate of residual lesions in uterine specimens was high regardless of the cone margin status in post-menopausal women with CIN 3. Risk-based strategies are needed to identify patients who have abnormal pre-cone ECC results, and definitive treatment with hysterectomy should be considered in post-menopausal patients with an elevated risk for residual lesions.