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From Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells to Insulin-Producing Cells: Progress and Challenges
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an attractive option for cell therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). These cells can be obtained from many sources, but bone marrow and adipose tissue are the most studied. MSCs have distinct advantages since they are nonteratogenic, nonimmunogenic and have i...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer US
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7667138/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32880857 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12015-020-10036-3 |
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author | Ghoneim, Mohamed A. Refaie, Ayman F. Elbassiouny, Batoul L. Gabr, Mahmoud M. Zakaria, Mahmoud M. |
author_facet | Ghoneim, Mohamed A. Refaie, Ayman F. Elbassiouny, Batoul L. Gabr, Mahmoud M. Zakaria, Mahmoud M. |
author_sort | Ghoneim, Mohamed A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an attractive option for cell therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). These cells can be obtained from many sources, but bone marrow and adipose tissue are the most studied. MSCs have distinct advantages since they are nonteratogenic, nonimmunogenic and have immunomodulatory functions. Insulin-producing cells (IPCs) can be generated from MSCs by gene transfection, gene editing or directed differentiation. For directed differentiation, MSCs are usually cultured in a glucose-rich medium with various growth and activation factors. The resulting IPCs can control chemically-induced diabetes in immune-deficient mice. These findings are comparable to those obtained from pluripotent cells. PD-L(1) and PD-L(2) expression by MSCs is upregulated under inflammatory conditions. Immunomodulation occurs due to the interaction between these ligands and PD-1 receptors on T lymphocytes. If this function is maintained after differentiation, life-long immunosuppression or encapsulation could be avoided. In the clinical setting, two sites can be used for transplantation of IPCs: the subcutaneous tissue and the omentum. A 2-stage procedure is required for the former and a laparoscopic procedure for the latter. For either site, cells should be transplanted within a scaffold, preferably one from fibrin. Several questions remain unanswered. Will the transplanted cells be affected by the antibodies involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 DM? What is the functional longevity of these cells following their transplantation? These issues have to be addressed before clinical translation is attempted. [Figure: see text] |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7667138 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Springer US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76671382020-11-17 From Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells to Insulin-Producing Cells: Progress and Challenges Ghoneim, Mohamed A. Refaie, Ayman F. Elbassiouny, Batoul L. Gabr, Mahmoud M. Zakaria, Mahmoud M. Stem Cell Rev Rep Article Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an attractive option for cell therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). These cells can be obtained from many sources, but bone marrow and adipose tissue are the most studied. MSCs have distinct advantages since they are nonteratogenic, nonimmunogenic and have immunomodulatory functions. Insulin-producing cells (IPCs) can be generated from MSCs by gene transfection, gene editing or directed differentiation. For directed differentiation, MSCs are usually cultured in a glucose-rich medium with various growth and activation factors. The resulting IPCs can control chemically-induced diabetes in immune-deficient mice. These findings are comparable to those obtained from pluripotent cells. PD-L(1) and PD-L(2) expression by MSCs is upregulated under inflammatory conditions. Immunomodulation occurs due to the interaction between these ligands and PD-1 receptors on T lymphocytes. If this function is maintained after differentiation, life-long immunosuppression or encapsulation could be avoided. In the clinical setting, two sites can be used for transplantation of IPCs: the subcutaneous tissue and the omentum. A 2-stage procedure is required for the former and a laparoscopic procedure for the latter. For either site, cells should be transplanted within a scaffold, preferably one from fibrin. Several questions remain unanswered. Will the transplanted cells be affected by the antibodies involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 DM? What is the functional longevity of these cells following their transplantation? These issues have to be addressed before clinical translation is attempted. [Figure: see text] Springer US 2020-09-03 2020 /pmc/articles/PMC7667138/ /pubmed/32880857 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12015-020-10036-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Ghoneim, Mohamed A. Refaie, Ayman F. Elbassiouny, Batoul L. Gabr, Mahmoud M. Zakaria, Mahmoud M. From Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells to Insulin-Producing Cells: Progress and Challenges |
title | From Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells to Insulin-Producing Cells: Progress and Challenges |
title_full | From Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells to Insulin-Producing Cells: Progress and Challenges |
title_fullStr | From Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells to Insulin-Producing Cells: Progress and Challenges |
title_full_unstemmed | From Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells to Insulin-Producing Cells: Progress and Challenges |
title_short | From Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells to Insulin-Producing Cells: Progress and Challenges |
title_sort | from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells to insulin-producing cells: progress and challenges |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7667138/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32880857 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12015-020-10036-3 |
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