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Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome in T-Cell Leukemia
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a constellation of metabolic derangements that occur as a consequence of rapid cell turnover in malignancy and the release of intracellular solutes - potassium, phosphate, and nucleic acid metabolites. TLS classically occurs following chemotherapy, with severe renal fai...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cureus
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7669256/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33209558 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.11002 |
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author | Faheem, Beenish Kollimuttathuillam, Sudarsan Ashkar, Hamdallah Maroules, Michael |
author_facet | Faheem, Beenish Kollimuttathuillam, Sudarsan Ashkar, Hamdallah Maroules, Michael |
author_sort | Faheem, Beenish |
collection | PubMed |
description | Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a constellation of metabolic derangements that occur as a consequence of rapid cell turnover in malignancy and the release of intracellular solutes - potassium, phosphate, and nucleic acid metabolites. TLS classically occurs following chemotherapy, with severe renal failure. However, the entity referred to as spontaneous TLS occurs without a precipitating factor of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, steroid therapy, or immunotherapy and can develop in both hematologic and solid malignancies. Here, we report a rare case of a patient who presented with nonspecific symptoms, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, but hypercalcemia, resultant acute renal failure, with a large mediastinal mass and a pericardial effusion, who was later found to have spontaneous TLS. The workup led to the diagnosis of T-cell leukemia. Spontaneous TLS is often the first manifestation of occult or undetected malignancy, making this oncologic emergency a challenge to manage. The early diagnosis and prompt treatment of spontaneous TLS can reduce morbidity and mortality for patients with an otherwise curable disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7669256 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Cureus |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76692562020-11-17 Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome in T-Cell Leukemia Faheem, Beenish Kollimuttathuillam, Sudarsan Ashkar, Hamdallah Maroules, Michael Cureus Internal Medicine Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a constellation of metabolic derangements that occur as a consequence of rapid cell turnover in malignancy and the release of intracellular solutes - potassium, phosphate, and nucleic acid metabolites. TLS classically occurs following chemotherapy, with severe renal failure. However, the entity referred to as spontaneous TLS occurs without a precipitating factor of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, steroid therapy, or immunotherapy and can develop in both hematologic and solid malignancies. Here, we report a rare case of a patient who presented with nonspecific symptoms, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, but hypercalcemia, resultant acute renal failure, with a large mediastinal mass and a pericardial effusion, who was later found to have spontaneous TLS. The workup led to the diagnosis of T-cell leukemia. Spontaneous TLS is often the first manifestation of occult or undetected malignancy, making this oncologic emergency a challenge to manage. The early diagnosis and prompt treatment of spontaneous TLS can reduce morbidity and mortality for patients with an otherwise curable disease. Cureus 2020-10-17 /pmc/articles/PMC7669256/ /pubmed/33209558 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.11002 Text en Copyright © 2020, Faheem et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Internal Medicine Faheem, Beenish Kollimuttathuillam, Sudarsan Ashkar, Hamdallah Maroules, Michael Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome in T-Cell Leukemia |
title | Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome in T-Cell Leukemia |
title_full | Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome in T-Cell Leukemia |
title_fullStr | Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome in T-Cell Leukemia |
title_full_unstemmed | Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome in T-Cell Leukemia |
title_short | Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome in T-Cell Leukemia |
title_sort | spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in t-cell leukemia |
topic | Internal Medicine |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7669256/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33209558 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.11002 |
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