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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioural planning deficiencies in South African primary school children

BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as a cognitive or behavioural developmental disorder. Inattentiveness, overactivity and impulsivity are regarded as the main clinical symptoms of ADHD. These symptoms may occur together or separately resulting in three recognised...

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Autores principales: Boshomane, Tshikani T., Pillay, Basil J., Meyer, Anneke
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: AOSIS 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7669961/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33240545
http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v26i0.1411
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author Boshomane, Tshikani T.
Pillay, Basil J.
Meyer, Anneke
author_facet Boshomane, Tshikani T.
Pillay, Basil J.
Meyer, Anneke
author_sort Boshomane, Tshikani T.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as a cognitive or behavioural developmental disorder. Inattentiveness, overactivity and impulsivity are regarded as the main clinical symptoms of ADHD. These symptoms may occur together or separately resulting in three recognised presentations: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive–impulsive and combined presentations. AIM: This study investigated deficiencies in behavioural planning in South African primary school children with and without ADHD. SETTING: Tzaneen area in Limpopo province, South Africa. METHODS: A total of 156 children (78 with ADHD and 78 matched controls without ADHD) of both genders, who were medication naïve and aged 6–15 years, participated in the study. The performance of the two groups was compared on a test of planning and problem-solving, the Tower of London (ToL) task. The results were analysed as a function of gender, age and ADHD presentation. RESULTS: Children with ADHD especially ADHD-PI and ADHD-C used significantly more moves and took a longer time to complete the task than the controls (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the number of moves and time taken by the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentations of ADHD when compared to the controls. Gender and age did not influence the performance. CONCLUSION: The results showed that children with ADHD showed significantly more deficits mainly the ADHD-PI and ADHD-C presentations, which indicates that inattention is mainly responsible for deficiencies in behaviour planning. The ADHD-HI presentations and the control group were not affected.
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spelling pubmed-76699612020-11-24 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioural planning deficiencies in South African primary school children Boshomane, Tshikani T. Pillay, Basil J. Meyer, Anneke S Afr J Psychiatr Original Research BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as a cognitive or behavioural developmental disorder. Inattentiveness, overactivity and impulsivity are regarded as the main clinical symptoms of ADHD. These symptoms may occur together or separately resulting in three recognised presentations: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive–impulsive and combined presentations. AIM: This study investigated deficiencies in behavioural planning in South African primary school children with and without ADHD. SETTING: Tzaneen area in Limpopo province, South Africa. METHODS: A total of 156 children (78 with ADHD and 78 matched controls without ADHD) of both genders, who were medication naïve and aged 6–15 years, participated in the study. The performance of the two groups was compared on a test of planning and problem-solving, the Tower of London (ToL) task. The results were analysed as a function of gender, age and ADHD presentation. RESULTS: Children with ADHD especially ADHD-PI and ADHD-C used significantly more moves and took a longer time to complete the task than the controls (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the number of moves and time taken by the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentations of ADHD when compared to the controls. Gender and age did not influence the performance. CONCLUSION: The results showed that children with ADHD showed significantly more deficits mainly the ADHD-PI and ADHD-C presentations, which indicates that inattention is mainly responsible for deficiencies in behaviour planning. The ADHD-HI presentations and the control group were not affected. AOSIS 2020-10-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7669961/ /pubmed/33240545 http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v26i0.1411 Text en © 2020. The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Licensee: AOSIS. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.
spellingShingle Original Research
Boshomane, Tshikani T.
Pillay, Basil J.
Meyer, Anneke
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioural planning deficiencies in South African primary school children
title Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioural planning deficiencies in South African primary school children
title_full Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioural planning deficiencies in South African primary school children
title_fullStr Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioural planning deficiencies in South African primary school children
title_full_unstemmed Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioural planning deficiencies in South African primary school children
title_short Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioural planning deficiencies in South African primary school children
title_sort attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioural planning deficiencies in south african primary school children
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7669961/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33240545
http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v26i0.1411
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