Gallbladder Cancer Presenting as Mirizzi Syndrome Complicated by Rapidly Evolving 23 rRNA Gene-Linezolid Resistance with Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Infection Resulting in Fatal Cholangial Sepsis

We describe the case of a 71-year-old woman who presented with obstructive jaundice and subhilar bile duct stenosis. MRI showed extensive cholecystolithiasis with an impacted bile stone in the cystic duct suggesting Mirizzi syndrome. Delayed enhancement of the thickened gallbladder wall suggested inflammation instead of carcinoma. After drainage of the obstructed bile duct via ERCP, the patient developed liver abscesses with a nosocomial vancomycin-resistant enterococcus infection treated by linezolid. After 4 weeks, the VRE infection was complicated by a new-onset 23 rRNA gene-mediated linezolid resistance in the same bacterial strain, which was proven via core genome multilocus sequencing. Meropenem and tigecycline were administered according to a resistogram. Furthermore, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage of both sides of the liver was necessary. After demission, the patient had to be admitted again due to septic shock. An emergency operation revealed extended, inoperable gallbladder cancer. The patient died a few days later in the intensive care unit. An earlier diagnosis of bile duct infiltrating gallbladder cancer by cholangioscopy or laparoscopy and treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus infection with daptomycin may have changed the clinical course of the disease.