Cargando…
A Whole-Diet Approach Affects Not Only Fasting but Also Postprandial Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND: Current dietary recommendations for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention focus more on dietary patterns than on single nutrients. However, randomized controlled trials using whole-diet approaches to study effects on both fasting and postprandial CVD risk markers are limited. OBJECTIVE...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2020
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7675027/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33096554 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa252 |
_version_ | 1783611631360540672 |
---|---|
author | Fechner, Eva Bilet, Lena Peters, Harry P F Schrauwen, Patrick Mensink, Ronald P |
author_facet | Fechner, Eva Bilet, Lena Peters, Harry P F Schrauwen, Patrick Mensink, Ronald P |
author_sort | Fechner, Eva |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Current dietary recommendations for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention focus more on dietary patterns than on single nutrients. However, randomized controlled trials using whole-diet approaches to study effects on both fasting and postprandial CVD risk markers are limited. OBJECTIVE: This randomized parallel trial compared the effects of a healthy diet (HD) with those of a typical Western diet (WD) on fasting and postprandial CVD risk markers in overweight and obese adults. METHODS: After a 2-wk run-in period, 40 men and women (50–70 y; BMI: 25–35 kg/m(2)) consumed the HD (high in fruit and vegetables, pulses, fibers, nuts, fatty fish, polyunsaturated fatty acids; low in salt and high-glycemic carbohydrates; n = 19) or the WD (less fruit, vegetables, and fibers; no nuts and fatty fish; and more saturated fatty acids and simple carbohydrates; n = 21) for 6 wk. Fasting and postprandial cardiometabolic risk markers were assessed as secondary outcome parameters during a 5-h mixed-meal challenge, and a per protocol analysis was performed using 1-factor ANCOVA or linear mixed models. RESULTS: Differences in diet-induced changes are expressed relative to the HD group. Changes in fasting plasma total cholesterol (–0.57 ± 0.12 mmol/L, P < 0.001), LDL cholesterol (–0.41 ± 0.12 mmol/L, P < 0.01), apolipoprotein B100 (–0.09 ± 0.03 g/L, P < 0.01), and apolipoprotein A1 (–0.06 ± 0.03 g/L, P = 0.05) were significantly different between the diet groups. Changes in postprandial plasma triacylglycerol (diet × time, P < 0.001) and apolipoprotein B48 (P < 0.01) differed significantly between the groups with clear improvements on the HD, although fasting triacylglycerols (–0.24 ± 0.13 mmol/L, P = 0.06) and apolipoprotein B48 (1.04 ± 0.67 mg/L, P = 0.40) did not. Significant differences between the diets were also detected in fasting systolic (–6.9 ± 3.1 mmHg, P < 0.05) and 24-h systolic (–5.0 ± 1.7 mmHg, P < 0.01) and diastolic (–3.3 ± 1.1 mmHg, P < 0.01) blood pressure. CONCLUSION: A whole-diet approach targeted multiple fasting and postprandial CVD risk markers in overweight and obese adults. In fact, the postprandial measurements provided important additional information to estimate CVD risk. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02519127. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7675027 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76750272020-11-24 A Whole-Diet Approach Affects Not Only Fasting but Also Postprandial Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial Fechner, Eva Bilet, Lena Peters, Harry P F Schrauwen, Patrick Mensink, Ronald P J Nutr Original Research Articles BACKGROUND: Current dietary recommendations for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention focus more on dietary patterns than on single nutrients. However, randomized controlled trials using whole-diet approaches to study effects on both fasting and postprandial CVD risk markers are limited. OBJECTIVE: This randomized parallel trial compared the effects of a healthy diet (HD) with those of a typical Western diet (WD) on fasting and postprandial CVD risk markers in overweight and obese adults. METHODS: After a 2-wk run-in period, 40 men and women (50–70 y; BMI: 25–35 kg/m(2)) consumed the HD (high in fruit and vegetables, pulses, fibers, nuts, fatty fish, polyunsaturated fatty acids; low in salt and high-glycemic carbohydrates; n = 19) or the WD (less fruit, vegetables, and fibers; no nuts and fatty fish; and more saturated fatty acids and simple carbohydrates; n = 21) for 6 wk. Fasting and postprandial cardiometabolic risk markers were assessed as secondary outcome parameters during a 5-h mixed-meal challenge, and a per protocol analysis was performed using 1-factor ANCOVA or linear mixed models. RESULTS: Differences in diet-induced changes are expressed relative to the HD group. Changes in fasting plasma total cholesterol (–0.57 ± 0.12 mmol/L, P < 0.001), LDL cholesterol (–0.41 ± 0.12 mmol/L, P < 0.01), apolipoprotein B100 (–0.09 ± 0.03 g/L, P < 0.01), and apolipoprotein A1 (–0.06 ± 0.03 g/L, P = 0.05) were significantly different between the diet groups. Changes in postprandial plasma triacylglycerol (diet × time, P < 0.001) and apolipoprotein B48 (P < 0.01) differed significantly between the groups with clear improvements on the HD, although fasting triacylglycerols (–0.24 ± 0.13 mmol/L, P = 0.06) and apolipoprotein B48 (1.04 ± 0.67 mg/L, P = 0.40) did not. Significant differences between the diets were also detected in fasting systolic (–6.9 ± 3.1 mmHg, P < 0.05) and 24-h systolic (–5.0 ± 1.7 mmHg, P < 0.01) and diastolic (–3.3 ± 1.1 mmHg, P < 0.01) blood pressure. CONCLUSION: A whole-diet approach targeted multiple fasting and postprandial CVD risk markers in overweight and obese adults. In fact, the postprandial measurements provided important additional information to estimate CVD risk. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02519127. Oxford University Press 2020-10-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7675027/ /pubmed/33096554 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa252 Text en © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
spellingShingle | Original Research Articles Fechner, Eva Bilet, Lena Peters, Harry P F Schrauwen, Patrick Mensink, Ronald P A Whole-Diet Approach Affects Not Only Fasting but Also Postprandial Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
title | A Whole-Diet Approach Affects Not Only Fasting but Also Postprandial Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
title_full | A Whole-Diet Approach Affects Not Only Fasting but Also Postprandial Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
title_fullStr | A Whole-Diet Approach Affects Not Only Fasting but Also Postprandial Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
title_full_unstemmed | A Whole-Diet Approach Affects Not Only Fasting but Also Postprandial Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
title_short | A Whole-Diet Approach Affects Not Only Fasting but Also Postprandial Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
title_sort | whole-diet approach affects not only fasting but also postprandial cardiometabolic risk markers in overweight and obese adults: a randomized controlled trial |
topic | Original Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7675027/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33096554 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa252 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT fechnereva awholedietapproachaffectsnotonlyfastingbutalsopostprandialcardiometabolicriskmarkersinoverweightandobeseadultsarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT biletlena awholedietapproachaffectsnotonlyfastingbutalsopostprandialcardiometabolicriskmarkersinoverweightandobeseadultsarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT petersharrypf awholedietapproachaffectsnotonlyfastingbutalsopostprandialcardiometabolicriskmarkersinoverweightandobeseadultsarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT schrauwenpatrick awholedietapproachaffectsnotonlyfastingbutalsopostprandialcardiometabolicriskmarkersinoverweightandobeseadultsarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT mensinkronaldp awholedietapproachaffectsnotonlyfastingbutalsopostprandialcardiometabolicriskmarkersinoverweightandobeseadultsarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT fechnereva wholedietapproachaffectsnotonlyfastingbutalsopostprandialcardiometabolicriskmarkersinoverweightandobeseadultsarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT biletlena wholedietapproachaffectsnotonlyfastingbutalsopostprandialcardiometabolicriskmarkersinoverweightandobeseadultsarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT petersharrypf wholedietapproachaffectsnotonlyfastingbutalsopostprandialcardiometabolicriskmarkersinoverweightandobeseadultsarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT schrauwenpatrick wholedietapproachaffectsnotonlyfastingbutalsopostprandialcardiometabolicriskmarkersinoverweightandobeseadultsarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT mensinkronaldp wholedietapproachaffectsnotonlyfastingbutalsopostprandialcardiometabolicriskmarkersinoverweightandobeseadultsarandomizedcontrolledtrial |