Cargando…
Transgender fathering: Children’s psychological and family outcomes
Medical advances in assisted reproductive technology have created new ways for transgender persons to become parents outside the context of adoption. The limited empirical data does not support the idea that trans-parenthood negatively impacts children’s development. However, the question has led to...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2020
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7676740/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33211742 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241214 |
_version_ | 1783611835107246080 |
---|---|
author | Condat, Agnès Mamou, Grégor Lagrange, Chrystelle Mendes, Nicolas Wielart, Joy Poirier, Fanny Medjkane, François Brunelle, Julie Drouineaud, Véronique Rosenblum, Ouriel Gründler, Nouria Ansermet, François Wolf, Jean-Philippe Falissard, Bruno Cohen, David |
author_facet | Condat, Agnès Mamou, Grégor Lagrange, Chrystelle Mendes, Nicolas Wielart, Joy Poirier, Fanny Medjkane, François Brunelle, Julie Drouineaud, Véronique Rosenblum, Ouriel Gründler, Nouria Ansermet, François Wolf, Jean-Philippe Falissard, Bruno Cohen, David |
author_sort | Condat, Agnès |
collection | PubMed |
description | Medical advances in assisted reproductive technology have created new ways for transgender persons to become parents outside the context of adoption. The limited empirical data does not support the idea that trans-parenthood negatively impacts children’s development. However, the question has led to lively societal debates making the need for evidence-based studies urgent. We aimed to compare cognitive development, mental health, gender identity, quality of life and family dynamics using standardized instruments and experimental protocols in 32 children who were conceived by donor sperm insemination (DSI) in French couples with a cisgender woman and a transgender man, the transition occurring before conception. We constituted two control groups matched for age, gender and family status. We found no significant difference between groups regarding cognitive development, mental health, and gender identity, meaning that neither the transgender fatherhood nor the use of DSI had any impact on these characteristics. The results of the descriptive analysis showed positive psycho-emotional development. Additionally, when we asked raters to differentiate the family drawings of the group of children of trans-fathers from those who were naturally conceived, no rater was able to differentiate the groups above chance levels, meaning that what children expressed through family drawing did not indicate cues related to trans-fatherhood. However, when we assessed mothers and fathers with the Five-Minute Speech Sample, we found that the emotions expressed by transgender fathers were higher than those of cisgender fathers who conceived by sex or by DSI. We conclude that the first empirical data regarding child development in the context of trans-parenthood are reassuring. We believe that this research will also improve transgender couple care and that of their children in a society where access to care remains difficult in this population. However, further research is needed with adolescents and young adults. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7676740 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76767402020-12-02 Transgender fathering: Children’s psychological and family outcomes Condat, Agnès Mamou, Grégor Lagrange, Chrystelle Mendes, Nicolas Wielart, Joy Poirier, Fanny Medjkane, François Brunelle, Julie Drouineaud, Véronique Rosenblum, Ouriel Gründler, Nouria Ansermet, François Wolf, Jean-Philippe Falissard, Bruno Cohen, David PLoS One Research Article Medical advances in assisted reproductive technology have created new ways for transgender persons to become parents outside the context of adoption. The limited empirical data does not support the idea that trans-parenthood negatively impacts children’s development. However, the question has led to lively societal debates making the need for evidence-based studies urgent. We aimed to compare cognitive development, mental health, gender identity, quality of life and family dynamics using standardized instruments and experimental protocols in 32 children who were conceived by donor sperm insemination (DSI) in French couples with a cisgender woman and a transgender man, the transition occurring before conception. We constituted two control groups matched for age, gender and family status. We found no significant difference between groups regarding cognitive development, mental health, and gender identity, meaning that neither the transgender fatherhood nor the use of DSI had any impact on these characteristics. The results of the descriptive analysis showed positive psycho-emotional development. Additionally, when we asked raters to differentiate the family drawings of the group of children of trans-fathers from those who were naturally conceived, no rater was able to differentiate the groups above chance levels, meaning that what children expressed through family drawing did not indicate cues related to trans-fatherhood. However, when we assessed mothers and fathers with the Five-Minute Speech Sample, we found that the emotions expressed by transgender fathers were higher than those of cisgender fathers who conceived by sex or by DSI. We conclude that the first empirical data regarding child development in the context of trans-parenthood are reassuring. We believe that this research will also improve transgender couple care and that of their children in a society where access to care remains difficult in this population. However, further research is needed with adolescents and young adults. Public Library of Science 2020-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7676740/ /pubmed/33211742 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241214 Text en © 2020 Condat et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Condat, Agnès Mamou, Grégor Lagrange, Chrystelle Mendes, Nicolas Wielart, Joy Poirier, Fanny Medjkane, François Brunelle, Julie Drouineaud, Véronique Rosenblum, Ouriel Gründler, Nouria Ansermet, François Wolf, Jean-Philippe Falissard, Bruno Cohen, David Transgender fathering: Children’s psychological and family outcomes |
title | Transgender fathering: Children’s psychological and family outcomes |
title_full | Transgender fathering: Children’s psychological and family outcomes |
title_fullStr | Transgender fathering: Children’s psychological and family outcomes |
title_full_unstemmed | Transgender fathering: Children’s psychological and family outcomes |
title_short | Transgender fathering: Children’s psychological and family outcomes |
title_sort | transgender fathering: children’s psychological and family outcomes |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7676740/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33211742 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241214 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT condatagnes transgenderfatheringchildrenspsychologicalandfamilyoutcomes AT mamougregor transgenderfatheringchildrenspsychologicalandfamilyoutcomes AT lagrangechrystelle transgenderfatheringchildrenspsychologicalandfamilyoutcomes AT mendesnicolas transgenderfatheringchildrenspsychologicalandfamilyoutcomes AT wielartjoy transgenderfatheringchildrenspsychologicalandfamilyoutcomes AT poirierfanny transgenderfatheringchildrenspsychologicalandfamilyoutcomes AT medjkanefrancois transgenderfatheringchildrenspsychologicalandfamilyoutcomes AT brunellejulie transgenderfatheringchildrenspsychologicalandfamilyoutcomes AT drouineaudveronique transgenderfatheringchildrenspsychologicalandfamilyoutcomes AT rosenblumouriel transgenderfatheringchildrenspsychologicalandfamilyoutcomes AT grundlernouria transgenderfatheringchildrenspsychologicalandfamilyoutcomes AT ansermetfrancois transgenderfatheringchildrenspsychologicalandfamilyoutcomes AT wolfjeanphilippe transgenderfatheringchildrenspsychologicalandfamilyoutcomes AT falissardbruno transgenderfatheringchildrenspsychologicalandfamilyoutcomes AT cohendavid transgenderfatheringchildrenspsychologicalandfamilyoutcomes |