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Transgender fathering: Children’s psychological and family outcomes

Medical advances in assisted reproductive technology have created new ways for transgender persons to become parents outside the context of adoption. The limited empirical data does not support the idea that trans-parenthood negatively impacts children’s development. However, the question has led to...

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Autores principales: Condat, Agnès, Mamou, Grégor, Lagrange, Chrystelle, Mendes, Nicolas, Wielart, Joy, Poirier, Fanny, Medjkane, François, Brunelle, Julie, Drouineaud, Véronique, Rosenblum, Ouriel, Gründler, Nouria, Ansermet, François, Wolf, Jean-Philippe, Falissard, Bruno, Cohen, David
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7676740/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33211742
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241214
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author Condat, Agnès
Mamou, Grégor
Lagrange, Chrystelle
Mendes, Nicolas
Wielart, Joy
Poirier, Fanny
Medjkane, François
Brunelle, Julie
Drouineaud, Véronique
Rosenblum, Ouriel
Gründler, Nouria
Ansermet, François
Wolf, Jean-Philippe
Falissard, Bruno
Cohen, David
author_facet Condat, Agnès
Mamou, Grégor
Lagrange, Chrystelle
Mendes, Nicolas
Wielart, Joy
Poirier, Fanny
Medjkane, François
Brunelle, Julie
Drouineaud, Véronique
Rosenblum, Ouriel
Gründler, Nouria
Ansermet, François
Wolf, Jean-Philippe
Falissard, Bruno
Cohen, David
author_sort Condat, Agnès
collection PubMed
description Medical advances in assisted reproductive technology have created new ways for transgender persons to become parents outside the context of adoption. The limited empirical data does not support the idea that trans-parenthood negatively impacts children’s development. However, the question has led to lively societal debates making the need for evidence-based studies urgent. We aimed to compare cognitive development, mental health, gender identity, quality of life and family dynamics using standardized instruments and experimental protocols in 32 children who were conceived by donor sperm insemination (DSI) in French couples with a cisgender woman and a transgender man, the transition occurring before conception. We constituted two control groups matched for age, gender and family status. We found no significant difference between groups regarding cognitive development, mental health, and gender identity, meaning that neither the transgender fatherhood nor the use of DSI had any impact on these characteristics. The results of the descriptive analysis showed positive psycho-emotional development. Additionally, when we asked raters to differentiate the family drawings of the group of children of trans-fathers from those who were naturally conceived, no rater was able to differentiate the groups above chance levels, meaning that what children expressed through family drawing did not indicate cues related to trans-fatherhood. However, when we assessed mothers and fathers with the Five-Minute Speech Sample, we found that the emotions expressed by transgender fathers were higher than those of cisgender fathers who conceived by sex or by DSI. We conclude that the first empirical data regarding child development in the context of trans-parenthood are reassuring. We believe that this research will also improve transgender couple care and that of their children in a society where access to care remains difficult in this population. However, further research is needed with adolescents and young adults.
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spelling pubmed-76767402020-12-02 Transgender fathering: Children’s psychological and family outcomes Condat, Agnès Mamou, Grégor Lagrange, Chrystelle Mendes, Nicolas Wielart, Joy Poirier, Fanny Medjkane, François Brunelle, Julie Drouineaud, Véronique Rosenblum, Ouriel Gründler, Nouria Ansermet, François Wolf, Jean-Philippe Falissard, Bruno Cohen, David PLoS One Research Article Medical advances in assisted reproductive technology have created new ways for transgender persons to become parents outside the context of adoption. The limited empirical data does not support the idea that trans-parenthood negatively impacts children’s development. However, the question has led to lively societal debates making the need for evidence-based studies urgent. We aimed to compare cognitive development, mental health, gender identity, quality of life and family dynamics using standardized instruments and experimental protocols in 32 children who were conceived by donor sperm insemination (DSI) in French couples with a cisgender woman and a transgender man, the transition occurring before conception. We constituted two control groups matched for age, gender and family status. We found no significant difference between groups regarding cognitive development, mental health, and gender identity, meaning that neither the transgender fatherhood nor the use of DSI had any impact on these characteristics. The results of the descriptive analysis showed positive psycho-emotional development. Additionally, when we asked raters to differentiate the family drawings of the group of children of trans-fathers from those who were naturally conceived, no rater was able to differentiate the groups above chance levels, meaning that what children expressed through family drawing did not indicate cues related to trans-fatherhood. However, when we assessed mothers and fathers with the Five-Minute Speech Sample, we found that the emotions expressed by transgender fathers were higher than those of cisgender fathers who conceived by sex or by DSI. We conclude that the first empirical data regarding child development in the context of trans-parenthood are reassuring. We believe that this research will also improve transgender couple care and that of their children in a society where access to care remains difficult in this population. However, further research is needed with adolescents and young adults. Public Library of Science 2020-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7676740/ /pubmed/33211742 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241214 Text en © 2020 Condat et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Condat, Agnès
Mamou, Grégor
Lagrange, Chrystelle
Mendes, Nicolas
Wielart, Joy
Poirier, Fanny
Medjkane, François
Brunelle, Julie
Drouineaud, Véronique
Rosenblum, Ouriel
Gründler, Nouria
Ansermet, François
Wolf, Jean-Philippe
Falissard, Bruno
Cohen, David
Transgender fathering: Children’s psychological and family outcomes
title Transgender fathering: Children’s psychological and family outcomes
title_full Transgender fathering: Children’s psychological and family outcomes
title_fullStr Transgender fathering: Children’s psychological and family outcomes
title_full_unstemmed Transgender fathering: Children’s psychological and family outcomes
title_short Transgender fathering: Children’s psychological and family outcomes
title_sort transgender fathering: children’s psychological and family outcomes
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7676740/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33211742
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241214
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