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Toxicity of humidifier disinfectant polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride by two-week whole body-inhalation exposure in rats
The use of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG·HCl) as a humidifier disinfectant caused an outbreak of pulmonary disease, leading to the deaths of pregnant women and children in South Korea. However, limited information is available on the inhalation toxicity of PHMG·HCl. Therefore, this...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology
2020
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7677626/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33239844 http://dx.doi.org/10.1293/tox.2020-0043 |
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author | Lee, Yong-Hoon Seo, Dong-Seok |
author_facet | Lee, Yong-Hoon Seo, Dong-Seok |
author_sort | Lee, Yong-Hoon |
collection | PubMed |
description | The use of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG·HCl) as a humidifier disinfectant caused an outbreak of pulmonary disease, leading to the deaths of pregnant women and children in South Korea. However, limited information is available on the inhalation toxicity of PHMG·HCl. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the subacute inhalation toxicity of PHMG·HCl by whole-body exposure in rats. F344 rats were exposed to 0 mg/m(3), 1 mg/m(3), 5 mg/m(3), or 25 mg/m(3) of PHMG·HCl for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for two weeks via whole-body inhalation. Emaciation and rale were observed in rats in the 25 mg/m(3) PHMG·HCl group. Significant changes in body weight, hematology, serum chemistry and organ weight were observed in all PHMG·HCl-exposed groups. Gross lesions showed ballooning or red focus in the lungs of rats in the PHMG·HCl-exposed groups. In histopathological examination, most of histological lesions (including degeneration, atrophy, ulcer, inflammatory cell infiltration, inflammation, and fibrosis in nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, and lungs) indicated tissue damage by PHMG·HCl in all PHMG·HCl-exposed groups. Additionally, atrophy of the spleen, thymus, and reproductive organs; immaturity of the testes; and cell debris in the epididymides were affected by the reduction in body weight in PHMG·HCl-exposed groups. In conclusion, two-week repeated whole-body inhalation exposure of rats to PHMG·HCl reveled toxic effects on the respiratory system and secondary effects on other organs. The results of this study indicate that the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) for PHMG·HCl is below 1 mg/m(3). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7677626 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76776262020-11-24 Toxicity of humidifier disinfectant polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride by two-week whole body-inhalation exposure in rats Lee, Yong-Hoon Seo, Dong-Seok J Toxicol Pathol Original Article The use of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG·HCl) as a humidifier disinfectant caused an outbreak of pulmonary disease, leading to the deaths of pregnant women and children in South Korea. However, limited information is available on the inhalation toxicity of PHMG·HCl. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the subacute inhalation toxicity of PHMG·HCl by whole-body exposure in rats. F344 rats were exposed to 0 mg/m(3), 1 mg/m(3), 5 mg/m(3), or 25 mg/m(3) of PHMG·HCl for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for two weeks via whole-body inhalation. Emaciation and rale were observed in rats in the 25 mg/m(3) PHMG·HCl group. Significant changes in body weight, hematology, serum chemistry and organ weight were observed in all PHMG·HCl-exposed groups. Gross lesions showed ballooning or red focus in the lungs of rats in the PHMG·HCl-exposed groups. In histopathological examination, most of histological lesions (including degeneration, atrophy, ulcer, inflammatory cell infiltration, inflammation, and fibrosis in nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, and lungs) indicated tissue damage by PHMG·HCl in all PHMG·HCl-exposed groups. Additionally, atrophy of the spleen, thymus, and reproductive organs; immaturity of the testes; and cell debris in the epididymides were affected by the reduction in body weight in PHMG·HCl-exposed groups. In conclusion, two-week repeated whole-body inhalation exposure of rats to PHMG·HCl reveled toxic effects on the respiratory system and secondary effects on other organs. The results of this study indicate that the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) for PHMG·HCl is below 1 mg/m(3). Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology 2020-08-09 2020-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7677626/ /pubmed/33239844 http://dx.doi.org/10.1293/tox.2020-0043 Text en ©2020 The Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Original Article Lee, Yong-Hoon Seo, Dong-Seok Toxicity of humidifier disinfectant polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride by two-week whole body-inhalation exposure in rats |
title | Toxicity of humidifier disinfectant polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride
by two-week whole body-inhalation exposure in rats |
title_full | Toxicity of humidifier disinfectant polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride
by two-week whole body-inhalation exposure in rats |
title_fullStr | Toxicity of humidifier disinfectant polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride
by two-week whole body-inhalation exposure in rats |
title_full_unstemmed | Toxicity of humidifier disinfectant polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride
by two-week whole body-inhalation exposure in rats |
title_short | Toxicity of humidifier disinfectant polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride
by two-week whole body-inhalation exposure in rats |
title_sort | toxicity of humidifier disinfectant polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride
by two-week whole body-inhalation exposure in rats |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7677626/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33239844 http://dx.doi.org/10.1293/tox.2020-0043 |
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