Cargando…

Direct dating reveals the early history of opium poppy in western Europe

This paper aims to define the first chrono-cultural framework on the domestication and early diffusion of the opium poppy using small-sized botanical remains from archaeological sites, opening the way to directly date minute short-lived botanical samples. We produced the initial set of radiocarbon d...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Salavert, Aurélie, Zazzo, Antoine, Martin, Lucie, Antolín, Ferran, Gauthier, Caroline, Thil, François, Tombret, Olivier, Bouby, Laurent, Manen, Claire, Mineo, Mario, Mueller-Bieniek, Aldona, Piqué, Raquel, Rottoli, Mauro, Rovira, Núria, Toulemonde, Françoise, Vostrovská, Ivana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7679390/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33219318
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76924-3
_version_ 1783612331966595072
author Salavert, Aurélie
Zazzo, Antoine
Martin, Lucie
Antolín, Ferran
Gauthier, Caroline
Thil, François
Tombret, Olivier
Bouby, Laurent
Manen, Claire
Mineo, Mario
Mueller-Bieniek, Aldona
Piqué, Raquel
Rottoli, Mauro
Rovira, Núria
Toulemonde, Françoise
Vostrovská, Ivana
author_facet Salavert, Aurélie
Zazzo, Antoine
Martin, Lucie
Antolín, Ferran
Gauthier, Caroline
Thil, François
Tombret, Olivier
Bouby, Laurent
Manen, Claire
Mineo, Mario
Mueller-Bieniek, Aldona
Piqué, Raquel
Rottoli, Mauro
Rovira, Núria
Toulemonde, Françoise
Vostrovská, Ivana
author_sort Salavert, Aurélie
collection PubMed
description This paper aims to define the first chrono-cultural framework on the domestication and early diffusion of the opium poppy using small-sized botanical remains from archaeological sites, opening the way to directly date minute short-lived botanical samples. We produced the initial set of radiocarbon dates directly from the opium poppy remains of eleven Neolithic sites (5900–3500 cal BCE) in the central and western Mediterranean, northwestern temperate Europe, and the western Alps. When possible, we also dated the macrobotanical remains originating from the same sediment sample. In total, 22 samples were taken into account, including 12 dates directly obtained from opium poppy remains. The radiocarbon chronology ranges from 5622 to 4050 cal BCE. The results show that opium poppy is present from at least the middle of the sixth millennium in the Mediterranean, where it possibly grew naturally and was cultivated by pioneer Neolithic communities. Its dispersal outside of its native area was early, being found west of the Rhine in 5300–5200 cal BCE. It was introduced to the western Alps around 5000–4800 cal BCE, becoming widespread from the second half of the fifth millennium. This research evidences different rhythms in the introduction of opium poppy in western Europe.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7679390
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher Nature Publishing Group UK
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-76793902020-11-24 Direct dating reveals the early history of opium poppy in western Europe Salavert, Aurélie Zazzo, Antoine Martin, Lucie Antolín, Ferran Gauthier, Caroline Thil, François Tombret, Olivier Bouby, Laurent Manen, Claire Mineo, Mario Mueller-Bieniek, Aldona Piqué, Raquel Rottoli, Mauro Rovira, Núria Toulemonde, Françoise Vostrovská, Ivana Sci Rep Article This paper aims to define the first chrono-cultural framework on the domestication and early diffusion of the opium poppy using small-sized botanical remains from archaeological sites, opening the way to directly date minute short-lived botanical samples. We produced the initial set of radiocarbon dates directly from the opium poppy remains of eleven Neolithic sites (5900–3500 cal BCE) in the central and western Mediterranean, northwestern temperate Europe, and the western Alps. When possible, we also dated the macrobotanical remains originating from the same sediment sample. In total, 22 samples were taken into account, including 12 dates directly obtained from opium poppy remains. The radiocarbon chronology ranges from 5622 to 4050 cal BCE. The results show that opium poppy is present from at least the middle of the sixth millennium in the Mediterranean, where it possibly grew naturally and was cultivated by pioneer Neolithic communities. Its dispersal outside of its native area was early, being found west of the Rhine in 5300–5200 cal BCE. It was introduced to the western Alps around 5000–4800 cal BCE, becoming widespread from the second half of the fifth millennium. This research evidences different rhythms in the introduction of opium poppy in western Europe. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-11-20 /pmc/articles/PMC7679390/ /pubmed/33219318 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76924-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Salavert, Aurélie
Zazzo, Antoine
Martin, Lucie
Antolín, Ferran
Gauthier, Caroline
Thil, François
Tombret, Olivier
Bouby, Laurent
Manen, Claire
Mineo, Mario
Mueller-Bieniek, Aldona
Piqué, Raquel
Rottoli, Mauro
Rovira, Núria
Toulemonde, Françoise
Vostrovská, Ivana
Direct dating reveals the early history of opium poppy in western Europe
title Direct dating reveals the early history of opium poppy in western Europe
title_full Direct dating reveals the early history of opium poppy in western Europe
title_fullStr Direct dating reveals the early history of opium poppy in western Europe
title_full_unstemmed Direct dating reveals the early history of opium poppy in western Europe
title_short Direct dating reveals the early history of opium poppy in western Europe
title_sort direct dating reveals the early history of opium poppy in western europe
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7679390/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33219318
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76924-3
work_keys_str_mv AT salavertaurelie directdatingrevealstheearlyhistoryofopiumpoppyinwesterneurope
AT zazzoantoine directdatingrevealstheearlyhistoryofopiumpoppyinwesterneurope
AT martinlucie directdatingrevealstheearlyhistoryofopiumpoppyinwesterneurope
AT antolinferran directdatingrevealstheearlyhistoryofopiumpoppyinwesterneurope
AT gauthiercaroline directdatingrevealstheearlyhistoryofopiumpoppyinwesterneurope
AT thilfrancois directdatingrevealstheearlyhistoryofopiumpoppyinwesterneurope
AT tombretolivier directdatingrevealstheearlyhistoryofopiumpoppyinwesterneurope
AT boubylaurent directdatingrevealstheearlyhistoryofopiumpoppyinwesterneurope
AT manenclaire directdatingrevealstheearlyhistoryofopiumpoppyinwesterneurope
AT mineomario directdatingrevealstheearlyhistoryofopiumpoppyinwesterneurope
AT muellerbieniekaldona directdatingrevealstheearlyhistoryofopiumpoppyinwesterneurope
AT piqueraquel directdatingrevealstheearlyhistoryofopiumpoppyinwesterneurope
AT rottolimauro directdatingrevealstheearlyhistoryofopiumpoppyinwesterneurope
AT roviranuria directdatingrevealstheearlyhistoryofopiumpoppyinwesterneurope
AT toulemondefrancoise directdatingrevealstheearlyhistoryofopiumpoppyinwesterneurope
AT vostrovskaivana directdatingrevealstheearlyhistoryofopiumpoppyinwesterneurope