Cargando…
Soil water solutes reduce the critical micelle concentration of quaternary ammonium compounds
Quaternary alkyl ammonium compounds (QAACs) are produced in large quantities for use as surfactants and disinfectants and also found in soils, sediments, and surface waters, where they are potentially involved in the selection of antibiotic resistance genes. Micelle formation influences fate and eff...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2020
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7686171/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32789630 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10188-2 |
_version_ | 1783613289070067712 |
---|---|
author | Mulder, Ines Schmittdiel, Malte Frei, Henning Hofmann, Laura Gerbig, Dennis Siemens, Jan |
author_facet | Mulder, Ines Schmittdiel, Malte Frei, Henning Hofmann, Laura Gerbig, Dennis Siemens, Jan |
author_sort | Mulder, Ines |
collection | PubMed |
description | Quaternary alkyl ammonium compounds (QAACs) are produced in large quantities for use as surfactants and disinfectants and also found in soils, sediments, and surface waters, where they are potentially involved in the selection of antibiotic resistance genes. Micelle formation influences fate and effects of QAACs. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of six homologs of benzylalkylammonium chlorides (BAC) was determined in deionized water, 0.01 M CaCl(2) solution, and aqueous soil extracts, using both spectrofluorometric and tensiometric methods. Additionally, eight organic model compounds were employed at concentrations of 15 mg C L(−1) as background solutes in order to test the effect of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on CMCs. Results found CMCs decreased with an increasing length of the alkyl chain from 188 mM for BAC-C8 to 0.1 mM for BAC-C18. Both methods yielded similar results for measurements in water and CaCl(2) solution; however, the spectrofluorescence method did not work for soil extracts due to fluorescence quenching phenomena. In soil extracts, CMCs of BAC-C12 were reduced below 3.7 mM, while the CMC reduction in soil extracts was less pronounced for BAC-C16. Besides ionic strength, molecular structures of BACs and dissolved organic compounds also affected the CMC. The number of carboxyl groups and small molecular weights of the DOC model compounds reduced the CMCs of BAC-C12 and BAC-C16 at pH 6. This study highlights that CMCs can be surpassed in soil solution, pore waters of sediments, or other natural waters even at (small) concentrations of QAACs typically found in the environment. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11356-020-10188-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7686171 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76861712020-11-30 Soil water solutes reduce the critical micelle concentration of quaternary ammonium compounds Mulder, Ines Schmittdiel, Malte Frei, Henning Hofmann, Laura Gerbig, Dennis Siemens, Jan Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Research Article Quaternary alkyl ammonium compounds (QAACs) are produced in large quantities for use as surfactants and disinfectants and also found in soils, sediments, and surface waters, where they are potentially involved in the selection of antibiotic resistance genes. Micelle formation influences fate and effects of QAACs. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of six homologs of benzylalkylammonium chlorides (BAC) was determined in deionized water, 0.01 M CaCl(2) solution, and aqueous soil extracts, using both spectrofluorometric and tensiometric methods. Additionally, eight organic model compounds were employed at concentrations of 15 mg C L(−1) as background solutes in order to test the effect of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on CMCs. Results found CMCs decreased with an increasing length of the alkyl chain from 188 mM for BAC-C8 to 0.1 mM for BAC-C18. Both methods yielded similar results for measurements in water and CaCl(2) solution; however, the spectrofluorescence method did not work for soil extracts due to fluorescence quenching phenomena. In soil extracts, CMCs of BAC-C12 were reduced below 3.7 mM, while the CMC reduction in soil extracts was less pronounced for BAC-C16. Besides ionic strength, molecular structures of BACs and dissolved organic compounds also affected the CMC. The number of carboxyl groups and small molecular weights of the DOC model compounds reduced the CMCs of BAC-C12 and BAC-C16 at pH 6. This study highlights that CMCs can be surpassed in soil solution, pore waters of sediments, or other natural waters even at (small) concentrations of QAACs typically found in the environment. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11356-020-10188-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020-08-12 2020 /pmc/articles/PMC7686171/ /pubmed/32789630 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10188-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Mulder, Ines Schmittdiel, Malte Frei, Henning Hofmann, Laura Gerbig, Dennis Siemens, Jan Soil water solutes reduce the critical micelle concentration of quaternary ammonium compounds |
title | Soil water solutes reduce the critical micelle concentration of quaternary ammonium compounds |
title_full | Soil water solutes reduce the critical micelle concentration of quaternary ammonium compounds |
title_fullStr | Soil water solutes reduce the critical micelle concentration of quaternary ammonium compounds |
title_full_unstemmed | Soil water solutes reduce the critical micelle concentration of quaternary ammonium compounds |
title_short | Soil water solutes reduce the critical micelle concentration of quaternary ammonium compounds |
title_sort | soil water solutes reduce the critical micelle concentration of quaternary ammonium compounds |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7686171/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32789630 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10188-2 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT mulderines soilwatersolutesreducethecriticalmicelleconcentrationofquaternaryammoniumcompounds AT schmittdielmalte soilwatersolutesreducethecriticalmicelleconcentrationofquaternaryammoniumcompounds AT freihenning soilwatersolutesreducethecriticalmicelleconcentrationofquaternaryammoniumcompounds AT hofmannlaura soilwatersolutesreducethecriticalmicelleconcentrationofquaternaryammoniumcompounds AT gerbigdennis soilwatersolutesreducethecriticalmicelleconcentrationofquaternaryammoniumcompounds AT siemensjan soilwatersolutesreducethecriticalmicelleconcentrationofquaternaryammoniumcompounds |