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Diversity, dynamics, direction, and magnitude of high-altitude migrating insects in the Sahel

Long-distance migration of insects impacts food security, public health, and conservation–issues that are especially significant in Africa. Windborne migration is a key strategy enabling exploitation of ephemeral havens such as the Sahel, however, its knowledge remains sparse. In this first cross-se...

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Autores principales: Florio, Jenna, Verú, Laura M., Dao, Adama, Yaro, Alpha S., Diallo, Moussa, Sanogo, Zana L., Samaké, Djibril, Huestis, Diana L., Yossi, Ousman, Talamas, Elijah, Chamorro, M. Lourdes, Frank, J. Howard, Biondi, Maurizio, Morkel, Carsten, Bartlett, Charles, Linton, Yvonne-Marie, Strobach, Ehud, Chapman, Jason W., Reynolds, Don R., Faiman, Roy, Krajacich, Benjamin J., Smith, Corey S., Lehmann, Tovi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7688652/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33239619
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77196-7
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author Florio, Jenna
Verú, Laura M.
Dao, Adama
Yaro, Alpha S.
Diallo, Moussa
Sanogo, Zana L.
Samaké, Djibril
Huestis, Diana L.
Yossi, Ousman
Talamas, Elijah
Chamorro, M. Lourdes
Frank, J. Howard
Biondi, Maurizio
Morkel, Carsten
Bartlett, Charles
Linton, Yvonne-Marie
Strobach, Ehud
Chapman, Jason W.
Reynolds, Don R.
Faiman, Roy
Krajacich, Benjamin J.
Smith, Corey S.
Lehmann, Tovi
author_facet Florio, Jenna
Verú, Laura M.
Dao, Adama
Yaro, Alpha S.
Diallo, Moussa
Sanogo, Zana L.
Samaké, Djibril
Huestis, Diana L.
Yossi, Ousman
Talamas, Elijah
Chamorro, M. Lourdes
Frank, J. Howard
Biondi, Maurizio
Morkel, Carsten
Bartlett, Charles
Linton, Yvonne-Marie
Strobach, Ehud
Chapman, Jason W.
Reynolds, Don R.
Faiman, Roy
Krajacich, Benjamin J.
Smith, Corey S.
Lehmann, Tovi
author_sort Florio, Jenna
collection PubMed
description Long-distance migration of insects impacts food security, public health, and conservation–issues that are especially significant in Africa. Windborne migration is a key strategy enabling exploitation of ephemeral havens such as the Sahel, however, its knowledge remains sparse. In this first cross-season investigation (3 years) of the aerial fauna over Africa, we sampled insects flying 40–290 m above ground in Mali, using nets mounted on tethered helium-filled balloons. Nearly half a million insects were caught, representing at least 100 families from thirteen orders. Control nets confirmed that the insects were captured at altitude. Thirteen ecologically and phylogenetically diverse species were studied in detail. Migration of all species peaked during the wet season every year across localities, suggesting regular migrations. Species differed in flight altitude, seasonality, and associated weather conditions. All taxa exhibited frequent flights on southerly winds, accounting for the recolonization of the Sahel from southern source populations. “Return” southward movement occurred in most taxa. Estimates of the seasonal number of migrants per species crossing Mali at latitude 14°N were in the trillions, and the nightly distances traversed reached hundreds of kilometers. The magnitude and diversity of windborne insect migration highlight its importance and impacts on Sahelian and neighboring ecosystems.
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spelling pubmed-76886522020-11-27 Diversity, dynamics, direction, and magnitude of high-altitude migrating insects in the Sahel Florio, Jenna Verú, Laura M. Dao, Adama Yaro, Alpha S. Diallo, Moussa Sanogo, Zana L. Samaké, Djibril Huestis, Diana L. Yossi, Ousman Talamas, Elijah Chamorro, M. Lourdes Frank, J. Howard Biondi, Maurizio Morkel, Carsten Bartlett, Charles Linton, Yvonne-Marie Strobach, Ehud Chapman, Jason W. Reynolds, Don R. Faiman, Roy Krajacich, Benjamin J. Smith, Corey S. Lehmann, Tovi Sci Rep Article Long-distance migration of insects impacts food security, public health, and conservation–issues that are especially significant in Africa. Windborne migration is a key strategy enabling exploitation of ephemeral havens such as the Sahel, however, its knowledge remains sparse. In this first cross-season investigation (3 years) of the aerial fauna over Africa, we sampled insects flying 40–290 m above ground in Mali, using nets mounted on tethered helium-filled balloons. Nearly half a million insects were caught, representing at least 100 families from thirteen orders. Control nets confirmed that the insects were captured at altitude. Thirteen ecologically and phylogenetically diverse species were studied in detail. Migration of all species peaked during the wet season every year across localities, suggesting regular migrations. Species differed in flight altitude, seasonality, and associated weather conditions. All taxa exhibited frequent flights on southerly winds, accounting for the recolonization of the Sahel from southern source populations. “Return” southward movement occurred in most taxa. Estimates of the seasonal number of migrants per species crossing Mali at latitude 14°N were in the trillions, and the nightly distances traversed reached hundreds of kilometers. The magnitude and diversity of windborne insect migration highlight its importance and impacts on Sahelian and neighboring ecosystems. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-11-25 /pmc/articles/PMC7688652/ /pubmed/33239619 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77196-7 Text en © This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Florio, Jenna
Verú, Laura M.
Dao, Adama
Yaro, Alpha S.
Diallo, Moussa
Sanogo, Zana L.
Samaké, Djibril
Huestis, Diana L.
Yossi, Ousman
Talamas, Elijah
Chamorro, M. Lourdes
Frank, J. Howard
Biondi, Maurizio
Morkel, Carsten
Bartlett, Charles
Linton, Yvonne-Marie
Strobach, Ehud
Chapman, Jason W.
Reynolds, Don R.
Faiman, Roy
Krajacich, Benjamin J.
Smith, Corey S.
Lehmann, Tovi
Diversity, dynamics, direction, and magnitude of high-altitude migrating insects in the Sahel
title Diversity, dynamics, direction, and magnitude of high-altitude migrating insects in the Sahel
title_full Diversity, dynamics, direction, and magnitude of high-altitude migrating insects in the Sahel
title_fullStr Diversity, dynamics, direction, and magnitude of high-altitude migrating insects in the Sahel
title_full_unstemmed Diversity, dynamics, direction, and magnitude of high-altitude migrating insects in the Sahel
title_short Diversity, dynamics, direction, and magnitude of high-altitude migrating insects in the Sahel
title_sort diversity, dynamics, direction, and magnitude of high-altitude migrating insects in the sahel
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7688652/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33239619
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77196-7
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