Total Hydrogenation of Furfural under Mild Conditions over a Durable Ni/TiO(2)–SiO(2) Catalyst with Amorphous TiO(2) Species

[Image: see text] One-step total hydrogenation of furfural (FAL) toward tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol in continuous flow using cheap transition metals still remains a great challenge. We herein reported the total hydrogenation of FAL over Ni (∼5 nm) nanoparticles loaded on TiO(2)–SiO(2) composites with long-term stability. The TiO(2)–SiO(2) composites comprise amorphous TiO(x) which was grafted on the silica aerogel by acetyl acetone-aided controlled hydrolysis of tetrabutyl titanate. The catalysts were characterized by several techniques including Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, H(2)-temperature-programmed reduction, and H(2)-temperature-programmed desorption. The hydrogenation performances were systematically explored in terms of TiO(2) content, Ni loading, liquid hour space velocity, and so forth. Ni nanoparticles in contact with amorphous TiO(x) showed strengthened interaction with the C=O bond of FAL as well as enhanced hydrogen dissociation and desorption ability, hence benefiting the overall hydrogenation process.