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Haptoglobin gene diversity and incidence of uncomplicated malaria among children in Iganga, Uganda

BACKGROUND: Haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase protein that takes part in systemic regulation of haem during Plasmodium falciparum infections. Numerous genotypes of haptoglobin have been reported in malaria endemic populations. In this study, the relationship between haptoglobin genotypes and incide...

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Autores principales: Lwanira, Catherine N., Kironde, Fred, Swedberg, Göte
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7690179/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33243242
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03515-y
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author Lwanira, Catherine N.
Kironde, Fred
Swedberg, Göte
author_facet Lwanira, Catherine N.
Kironde, Fred
Swedberg, Göte
author_sort Lwanira, Catherine N.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase protein that takes part in systemic regulation of haem during Plasmodium falciparum infections. Numerous genotypes of haptoglobin have been reported in malaria endemic populations. In this study, the relationship between haptoglobin genotypes and incidence of uncomplicated malaria in a cohort of children living in a malaria-endemic area of Uganda was determined. METHODS: This is an extension of a longitudinal study comprising of 423 children aged between six months and nine years, who were actively followed up for one year. Malaria episodes occurring in the cohort children were detected and the affected children treated with national policy drug regimen. Haptoglobin genotypes were determined by an allele-specific PCR method and their frequencies were calculated. A multivariate negative binomial regression model was used to estimate the impact of haptoglobin genotypes on incidence of uncomplicated malaria in the children’s cohort. In all statistical tests, a P–value of < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of the Hp 1–1, Hp 2–1 and Hp 2–2 genotypes in the children’s cohort was 41%, 36.2% and 22.9%, respectively. The overall frequency for the Hp 1 allele was 59%, while Hp 2 allele occurred at a frequency of 41%. After adjustment of incidence rates for age, insecticide treated bed net (ITN) use and malaria history, the incidence of uncomplicated malaria for children carrying the Hp 2–2 genotype and those with the Hp 2–1 genotype was statistically similar (P = 0.41). Also, no difference in the incidence of uncomplicated malaria was observed between children carrying the Hp 1–1 genotype and those having the Hp 2–1 genotype (P = 0.84) or between Hp 2–2 Vs Hp 1–1 genotypes (P = 0.50). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the Hp 1–1 and Hp 2–1 genotypes each occur in nearly 4 in 10 children and the Hp 2–2 genotype occurs in 2 of every 10 children. No association with incidence of uncomplicated malaria was found. Additional studies of influence of haptoglobin genotypes on P. falciparum malaria severity are needed to understand the role of these genotypes in malarial protection.
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spelling pubmed-76901792020-11-30 Haptoglobin gene diversity and incidence of uncomplicated malaria among children in Iganga, Uganda Lwanira, Catherine N. Kironde, Fred Swedberg, Göte Malar J Research BACKGROUND: Haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase protein that takes part in systemic regulation of haem during Plasmodium falciparum infections. Numerous genotypes of haptoglobin have been reported in malaria endemic populations. In this study, the relationship between haptoglobin genotypes and incidence of uncomplicated malaria in a cohort of children living in a malaria-endemic area of Uganda was determined. METHODS: This is an extension of a longitudinal study comprising of 423 children aged between six months and nine years, who were actively followed up for one year. Malaria episodes occurring in the cohort children were detected and the affected children treated with national policy drug regimen. Haptoglobin genotypes were determined by an allele-specific PCR method and their frequencies were calculated. A multivariate negative binomial regression model was used to estimate the impact of haptoglobin genotypes on incidence of uncomplicated malaria in the children’s cohort. In all statistical tests, a P–value of < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of the Hp 1–1, Hp 2–1 and Hp 2–2 genotypes in the children’s cohort was 41%, 36.2% and 22.9%, respectively. The overall frequency for the Hp 1 allele was 59%, while Hp 2 allele occurred at a frequency of 41%. After adjustment of incidence rates for age, insecticide treated bed net (ITN) use and malaria history, the incidence of uncomplicated malaria for children carrying the Hp 2–2 genotype and those with the Hp 2–1 genotype was statistically similar (P = 0.41). Also, no difference in the incidence of uncomplicated malaria was observed between children carrying the Hp 1–1 genotype and those having the Hp 2–1 genotype (P = 0.84) or between Hp 2–2 Vs Hp 1–1 genotypes (P = 0.50). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the Hp 1–1 and Hp 2–1 genotypes each occur in nearly 4 in 10 children and the Hp 2–2 genotype occurs in 2 of every 10 children. No association with incidence of uncomplicated malaria was found. Additional studies of influence of haptoglobin genotypes on P. falciparum malaria severity are needed to understand the role of these genotypes in malarial protection. BioMed Central 2020-11-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7690179/ /pubmed/33243242 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03515-y Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Lwanira, Catherine N.
Kironde, Fred
Swedberg, Göte
Haptoglobin gene diversity and incidence of uncomplicated malaria among children in Iganga, Uganda
title Haptoglobin gene diversity and incidence of uncomplicated malaria among children in Iganga, Uganda
title_full Haptoglobin gene diversity and incidence of uncomplicated malaria among children in Iganga, Uganda
title_fullStr Haptoglobin gene diversity and incidence of uncomplicated malaria among children in Iganga, Uganda
title_full_unstemmed Haptoglobin gene diversity and incidence of uncomplicated malaria among children in Iganga, Uganda
title_short Haptoglobin gene diversity and incidence of uncomplicated malaria among children in Iganga, Uganda
title_sort haptoglobin gene diversity and incidence of uncomplicated malaria among children in iganga, uganda
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7690179/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33243242
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03515-y
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