Molecular and Cellular Modelling of Salivary Gland Tumors Open New Landscapes in Diagnosis and Treatment

SIMPLE SUMMARY: This review elaborates the current knowledge on salivary gland tumors, with a specific focus on classical histological classification, cellular mechanisms and molecular pattern at the origin of the most common glandular malignancies. We dive into novel approaches for modeling, diagnosis and therapy, giving an overview of the biomedical advances for the study of salivary cancers. Thereby this review helps to understand the complexity of these malignancies and paves the way for novel and efficient treatments. ABSTRACT: Salivary gland tumors are neoplasms affecting the major and minor salivary glands of the oral cavity. Their complex pathological appearance and overlapping morphological features between subtypes, pose major challenges in the identification, classification, and staging of the tumor. Recently developed techniques of three-dimensional culture and organotypic modelling provide useful platforms for the clinical and biological characterization of these malignancies. Additionally, new advances in genetic and molecular screenings allow precise diagnosis and monitoring of tumor progression. Finally, novel therapeutic tools with increased efficiency and accuracy are emerging. In this review, we summarize the most common salivary gland neoplasms and provide an overview of the state-of-the-art tools to model, diagnose, and treat salivary gland tumors.