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The deregulated immune reaction and cytokines release storm (CRS) in COVID-19 disease
COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, accompanies an unprecedented spike in cytokines levels termed cytokines release syndrome (CRS), in critically ill patients. Clinicians claim that the surge demonstrates a deregulated immune defence in host, as infected cell expression analysis depicts a delay...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier B.V.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7691139/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33302033 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107225 |
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author | Pasrija, Ritu Naime, Mohammad |
author_facet | Pasrija, Ritu Naime, Mohammad |
author_sort | Pasrija, Ritu |
collection | PubMed |
description | COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, accompanies an unprecedented spike in cytokines levels termed cytokines release syndrome (CRS), in critically ill patients. Clinicians claim that the surge demonstrates a deregulated immune defence in host, as infected cell expression analysis depicts a delay in type-I (interferon-I) and type-III IFNs expression, along with a limited Interferon-Stimulated Gene (ISG) response, which later resume and culminates in elicitation of several cytokines including- IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNFα, IL-17, MCP-1, IP-10 and IL-10 etc. Although cytokines are messenger molecules of the immune system, but their increased concentration results in inflammation, infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils and lung injury in patients. This inflammatory response results in the precarious pathogenesis of COVID-19; thus, a complete estimation of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 is vital in designing a harmless and effective vaccine. In pathogenesis analysis, it emerges that a timely forceful type-I IFN production (18–24 hrs post infection) promotes innate and acquired immune responses, while a delay in IFNs production (3–4 days post infection) actually renders both innate and acquired responses ineffective in fighting infection. Further, underlying conditions including hypertension, obesity, cardio-vascular disease etc may increase the chances of putting people in risk groups, which end up having critical form of infection. This review summarizes the events starting from viral entry, its struggle with the immune system and failure of host immunological parameters to obliterate the infections, which finally culminate into massive release of CRS and inflammation in gravely ill patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7691139 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Elsevier B.V. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76911392020-11-27 The deregulated immune reaction and cytokines release storm (CRS) in COVID-19 disease Pasrija, Ritu Naime, Mohammad Int Immunopharmacol Review COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, accompanies an unprecedented spike in cytokines levels termed cytokines release syndrome (CRS), in critically ill patients. Clinicians claim that the surge demonstrates a deregulated immune defence in host, as infected cell expression analysis depicts a delay in type-I (interferon-I) and type-III IFNs expression, along with a limited Interferon-Stimulated Gene (ISG) response, which later resume and culminates in elicitation of several cytokines including- IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNFα, IL-17, MCP-1, IP-10 and IL-10 etc. Although cytokines are messenger molecules of the immune system, but their increased concentration results in inflammation, infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils and lung injury in patients. This inflammatory response results in the precarious pathogenesis of COVID-19; thus, a complete estimation of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 is vital in designing a harmless and effective vaccine. In pathogenesis analysis, it emerges that a timely forceful type-I IFN production (18–24 hrs post infection) promotes innate and acquired immune responses, while a delay in IFNs production (3–4 days post infection) actually renders both innate and acquired responses ineffective in fighting infection. Further, underlying conditions including hypertension, obesity, cardio-vascular disease etc may increase the chances of putting people in risk groups, which end up having critical form of infection. This review summarizes the events starting from viral entry, its struggle with the immune system and failure of host immunological parameters to obliterate the infections, which finally culminate into massive release of CRS and inflammation in gravely ill patients. Elsevier B.V. 2021-01 2020-11-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7691139/ /pubmed/33302033 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107225 Text en © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Review Pasrija, Ritu Naime, Mohammad The deregulated immune reaction and cytokines release storm (CRS) in COVID-19 disease |
title | The deregulated immune reaction and cytokines release storm (CRS) in COVID-19 disease |
title_full | The deregulated immune reaction and cytokines release storm (CRS) in COVID-19 disease |
title_fullStr | The deregulated immune reaction and cytokines release storm (CRS) in COVID-19 disease |
title_full_unstemmed | The deregulated immune reaction and cytokines release storm (CRS) in COVID-19 disease |
title_short | The deregulated immune reaction and cytokines release storm (CRS) in COVID-19 disease |
title_sort | deregulated immune reaction and cytokines release storm (crs) in covid-19 disease |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7691139/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33302033 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107225 |
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