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The Role of PPARs in Disease

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that function as ligand-activated transcription factors. They exist in three isoforms: PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ. For all PPARs, lipids are endogenous ligands, linking them directly to metabolism. PPARs form heterodimers with...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wagner, Nicole, Wagner, Kay-Dietrich
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7692109/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33126411
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9112367
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author Wagner, Nicole
Wagner, Kay-Dietrich
author_facet Wagner, Nicole
Wagner, Kay-Dietrich
author_sort Wagner, Nicole
collection PubMed
description Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that function as ligand-activated transcription factors. They exist in three isoforms: PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ. For all PPARs, lipids are endogenous ligands, linking them directly to metabolism. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoic X receptors, and upon ligand binding, they modulate the gene expression of downstream target genes, depending on the presence of co-repressors or co-activators. This results in a complex, cell type-specific regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and cell survival. PPARs are linked to metabolic disorders and are interesting pharmaceutical targets. PPARα and PPARγ agonists are already in clinical use for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes, respectively. More recently, PPARβ/δ activation came into focus as an interesting novel approach for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and associated cardiovascular diseases; however, this has been limited due to the highly controversial function of PPARβ/δ in cancer. This Special Issue of Cells brings together the most recent advances in understanding the various aspects of the action of PPARs, and it provides new insights into our understanding of PPARs, implying also the latest therapeutic perspectives for the utility of PPAR modulation in different disease settings.
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spelling pubmed-76921092020-11-28 The Role of PPARs in Disease Wagner, Nicole Wagner, Kay-Dietrich Cells Editorial Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that function as ligand-activated transcription factors. They exist in three isoforms: PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ. For all PPARs, lipids are endogenous ligands, linking them directly to metabolism. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoic X receptors, and upon ligand binding, they modulate the gene expression of downstream target genes, depending on the presence of co-repressors or co-activators. This results in a complex, cell type-specific regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and cell survival. PPARs are linked to metabolic disorders and are interesting pharmaceutical targets. PPARα and PPARγ agonists are already in clinical use for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes, respectively. More recently, PPARβ/δ activation came into focus as an interesting novel approach for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and associated cardiovascular diseases; however, this has been limited due to the highly controversial function of PPARβ/δ in cancer. This Special Issue of Cells brings together the most recent advances in understanding the various aspects of the action of PPARs, and it provides new insights into our understanding of PPARs, implying also the latest therapeutic perspectives for the utility of PPAR modulation in different disease settings. MDPI 2020-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7692109/ /pubmed/33126411 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9112367 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Editorial
Wagner, Nicole
Wagner, Kay-Dietrich
The Role of PPARs in Disease
title The Role of PPARs in Disease
title_full The Role of PPARs in Disease
title_fullStr The Role of PPARs in Disease
title_full_unstemmed The Role of PPARs in Disease
title_short The Role of PPARs in Disease
title_sort role of ppars in disease
topic Editorial
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7692109/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33126411
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9112367
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