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Growth and Puberty in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are gastrointestinal tract pathologies of unknown etiology; they have an alternating trend, with active and silent phases. IBD are classified in two main forms: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Both have chronic and recurrent course, gastrointestina...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2020
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7692295/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33138015 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8110458 |
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author | Amaro, Flavia Chiarelli, Francesco |
author_facet | Amaro, Flavia Chiarelli, Francesco |
author_sort | Amaro, Flavia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are gastrointestinal tract pathologies of unknown etiology; they have an alternating trend, with active and silent phases. IBD are classified in two main forms: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Both have chronic and recurrent course, gastrointestinal symptoms, and extraintestinal manifestations. The altered immune response role seems to be important both in UC and CD. In the majority of cases, CD begins with abdominal pain, diarrhea, decrease in appetite, and weight loss; there can be also perianal fistulas, rhagades, and perianal recurrent abscesses. In addition, retarded growth and delayed puberty can precede the development of the disease or can even be predominant at onset. Growth retardation is found in 40% of IBD patients, but the underlying mechanism of this and other extra-intestinal manifestations are partially known: the main hypotheses are represented by malnutrition and inflammatory response during the active phase of the disease. The increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines can influence growth, but also the onset of puberty and its progression. In addition, it could be essential to clarify the role and the possible effects of all the currently used treatments concerning growth failure and delayed puberty. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7692295 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76922952020-11-28 Growth and Puberty in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Amaro, Flavia Chiarelli, Francesco Biomedicines Review Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are gastrointestinal tract pathologies of unknown etiology; they have an alternating trend, with active and silent phases. IBD are classified in two main forms: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Both have chronic and recurrent course, gastrointestinal symptoms, and extraintestinal manifestations. The altered immune response role seems to be important both in UC and CD. In the majority of cases, CD begins with abdominal pain, diarrhea, decrease in appetite, and weight loss; there can be also perianal fistulas, rhagades, and perianal recurrent abscesses. In addition, retarded growth and delayed puberty can precede the development of the disease or can even be predominant at onset. Growth retardation is found in 40% of IBD patients, but the underlying mechanism of this and other extra-intestinal manifestations are partially known: the main hypotheses are represented by malnutrition and inflammatory response during the active phase of the disease. The increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines can influence growth, but also the onset of puberty and its progression. In addition, it could be essential to clarify the role and the possible effects of all the currently used treatments concerning growth failure and delayed puberty. MDPI 2020-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7692295/ /pubmed/33138015 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8110458 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Amaro, Flavia Chiarelli, Francesco Growth and Puberty in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases |
title | Growth and Puberty in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases |
title_full | Growth and Puberty in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases |
title_fullStr | Growth and Puberty in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases |
title_full_unstemmed | Growth and Puberty in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases |
title_short | Growth and Puberty in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases |
title_sort | growth and puberty in children with inflammatory bowel diseases |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7692295/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33138015 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8110458 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT amaroflavia growthandpubertyinchildrenwithinflammatoryboweldiseases AT chiarellifrancesco growthandpubertyinchildrenwithinflammatoryboweldiseases |