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High Rate of Circulating MERS-CoV in Dromedary Camels at Slaughterhouses in Riyadh, 2019

MERS-CoV is a zoonotic virus that has emerged in humans in 2012 and caused severe respiratory illness with a mortality rate of 34.4%. Since its appearance, MERS-CoV has been reported in 27 countries and most of these cases were in Saudi Arabia. So far, dromedaries are considered to be the intermedia...

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Autores principales: Aljasim, Taibah A., Almasoud, Abdulrahman, Aljami, Haya A., Alenazi, Mohamed W., Alsagaby, Suliman A., Alsaleh, Asma N., Alharbi, Naif Khalaf
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7692456/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33120981
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12111215
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author Aljasim, Taibah A.
Almasoud, Abdulrahman
Aljami, Haya A.
Alenazi, Mohamed W.
Alsagaby, Suliman A.
Alsaleh, Asma N.
Alharbi, Naif Khalaf
author_facet Aljasim, Taibah A.
Almasoud, Abdulrahman
Aljami, Haya A.
Alenazi, Mohamed W.
Alsagaby, Suliman A.
Alsaleh, Asma N.
Alharbi, Naif Khalaf
author_sort Aljasim, Taibah A.
collection PubMed
description MERS-CoV is a zoonotic virus that has emerged in humans in 2012 and caused severe respiratory illness with a mortality rate of 34.4%. Since its appearance, MERS-CoV has been reported in 27 countries and most of these cases were in Saudi Arabia. So far, dromedaries are considered to be the intermediate host and the only known source of human infection. This study was designed to determine the seroprevalence and the infection rate of MERS-CoV in slaughtered food-camels in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 171 nasal swabs along with 161 serum samples were collected during the winter; from January to April 2019. Nasal swabs were examined by Rapid test and RT-PCR to detect MERS-CoV RNA, while serum samples were tested primarily using S1-based ELISA Kit to detect MERS-CoV (IgG) antibodies and subsequently by MERS pseudotyped viral particles (MERSpp) neutralization assay for confirmation. Genetic diversity of the positive isolates was determined based on the amplification and sequencing of the spike gene. Our results showed high prevalence (38.6%) of MERS-CoV infection in slaughtered camels and high seropositivity (70.8%) during the time of the study. These data indicate previous and ongoing MERS-CoV infection in camels. Phylogenic analysis revealed relatively low genetic variability among our isolated samples. When these isolates were aligned against published spike sequences of MERS-CoV, deposited in global databases, there was sequence similarity of 94%. High seroprevalence and high genetic stability of MERS-CoV in camels indicating that camels pose a public health threat. The widespread MERS-CoV infections in camels might lead to a risk of future zoonotic transmission into people with direct contact with these infected camels. This study confirms re-infections in camels, highlighting a challenge for vaccine development when it comes to protective immunity.
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spelling pubmed-76924562020-11-28 High Rate of Circulating MERS-CoV in Dromedary Camels at Slaughterhouses in Riyadh, 2019 Aljasim, Taibah A. Almasoud, Abdulrahman Aljami, Haya A. Alenazi, Mohamed W. Alsagaby, Suliman A. Alsaleh, Asma N. Alharbi, Naif Khalaf Viruses Article MERS-CoV is a zoonotic virus that has emerged in humans in 2012 and caused severe respiratory illness with a mortality rate of 34.4%. Since its appearance, MERS-CoV has been reported in 27 countries and most of these cases were in Saudi Arabia. So far, dromedaries are considered to be the intermediate host and the only known source of human infection. This study was designed to determine the seroprevalence and the infection rate of MERS-CoV in slaughtered food-camels in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 171 nasal swabs along with 161 serum samples were collected during the winter; from January to April 2019. Nasal swabs were examined by Rapid test and RT-PCR to detect MERS-CoV RNA, while serum samples were tested primarily using S1-based ELISA Kit to detect MERS-CoV (IgG) antibodies and subsequently by MERS pseudotyped viral particles (MERSpp) neutralization assay for confirmation. Genetic diversity of the positive isolates was determined based on the amplification and sequencing of the spike gene. Our results showed high prevalence (38.6%) of MERS-CoV infection in slaughtered camels and high seropositivity (70.8%) during the time of the study. These data indicate previous and ongoing MERS-CoV infection in camels. Phylogenic analysis revealed relatively low genetic variability among our isolated samples. When these isolates were aligned against published spike sequences of MERS-CoV, deposited in global databases, there was sequence similarity of 94%. High seroprevalence and high genetic stability of MERS-CoV in camels indicating that camels pose a public health threat. The widespread MERS-CoV infections in camels might lead to a risk of future zoonotic transmission into people with direct contact with these infected camels. This study confirms re-infections in camels, highlighting a challenge for vaccine development when it comes to protective immunity. MDPI 2020-10-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7692456/ /pubmed/33120981 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12111215 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Aljasim, Taibah A.
Almasoud, Abdulrahman
Aljami, Haya A.
Alenazi, Mohamed W.
Alsagaby, Suliman A.
Alsaleh, Asma N.
Alharbi, Naif Khalaf
High Rate of Circulating MERS-CoV in Dromedary Camels at Slaughterhouses in Riyadh, 2019
title High Rate of Circulating MERS-CoV in Dromedary Camels at Slaughterhouses in Riyadh, 2019
title_full High Rate of Circulating MERS-CoV in Dromedary Camels at Slaughterhouses in Riyadh, 2019
title_fullStr High Rate of Circulating MERS-CoV in Dromedary Camels at Slaughterhouses in Riyadh, 2019
title_full_unstemmed High Rate of Circulating MERS-CoV in Dromedary Camels at Slaughterhouses in Riyadh, 2019
title_short High Rate of Circulating MERS-CoV in Dromedary Camels at Slaughterhouses in Riyadh, 2019
title_sort high rate of circulating mers-cov in dromedary camels at slaughterhouses in riyadh, 2019
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7692456/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33120981
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12111215
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