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Dangerous Liaisons: Interactions of Cryptococcus neoformans with Host Phagocytes
Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen and a leading cause of death in immunocompromised individuals. The interactions of this yeast with host phagocytes are critical to disease outcome, and C. neoformans is equipped with an array of factors to modulate these processes. Cryptoco...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7692806/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33121050 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110891 |
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author | Gaylord, Elizabeth A. Choy, Hau Lam Doering, Tamara L. |
author_facet | Gaylord, Elizabeth A. Choy, Hau Lam Doering, Tamara L. |
author_sort | Gaylord, Elizabeth A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen and a leading cause of death in immunocompromised individuals. The interactions of this yeast with host phagocytes are critical to disease outcome, and C. neoformans is equipped with an array of factors to modulate these processes. Cryptococcal infection begins with the deposition of infectious particles into the lungs, where the fungal cells deploy various antiphagocytic factors to resist internalization by host cells. If the cryptococci are still engulfed, they can survive and proliferate within host cells by modulating the phagolysosome environment in which they reside. Lastly, cryptococcal cells may escape from phagocytes by host cell lysis, nonlytic exocytosis, or lateral cell-to-cell transfer. The interactions between C. neoformans and host phagocytes also influence the dissemination of this pathogen to the brain, where it may cross the blood-brain barrier and cause an often-fatal meningoencephalitis. In this review, we highlight key cryptococcal factors involved in various stages of cryptococcal-host interaction and pathogenesis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7692806 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76928062020-11-28 Dangerous Liaisons: Interactions of Cryptococcus neoformans with Host Phagocytes Gaylord, Elizabeth A. Choy, Hau Lam Doering, Tamara L. Pathogens Review Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen and a leading cause of death in immunocompromised individuals. The interactions of this yeast with host phagocytes are critical to disease outcome, and C. neoformans is equipped with an array of factors to modulate these processes. Cryptococcal infection begins with the deposition of infectious particles into the lungs, where the fungal cells deploy various antiphagocytic factors to resist internalization by host cells. If the cryptococci are still engulfed, they can survive and proliferate within host cells by modulating the phagolysosome environment in which they reside. Lastly, cryptococcal cells may escape from phagocytes by host cell lysis, nonlytic exocytosis, or lateral cell-to-cell transfer. The interactions between C. neoformans and host phagocytes also influence the dissemination of this pathogen to the brain, where it may cross the blood-brain barrier and cause an often-fatal meningoencephalitis. In this review, we highlight key cryptococcal factors involved in various stages of cryptococcal-host interaction and pathogenesis. MDPI 2020-10-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7692806/ /pubmed/33121050 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110891 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Gaylord, Elizabeth A. Choy, Hau Lam Doering, Tamara L. Dangerous Liaisons: Interactions of Cryptococcus neoformans with Host Phagocytes |
title | Dangerous Liaisons: Interactions of Cryptococcus neoformans with Host Phagocytes |
title_full | Dangerous Liaisons: Interactions of Cryptococcus neoformans with Host Phagocytes |
title_fullStr | Dangerous Liaisons: Interactions of Cryptococcus neoformans with Host Phagocytes |
title_full_unstemmed | Dangerous Liaisons: Interactions of Cryptococcus neoformans with Host Phagocytes |
title_short | Dangerous Liaisons: Interactions of Cryptococcus neoformans with Host Phagocytes |
title_sort | dangerous liaisons: interactions of cryptococcus neoformans with host phagocytes |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7692806/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33121050 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110891 |
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