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The Impact of Mastitis on the Biochemical Parameters, Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Markers in Goat’s Milk: A Review
Goat mastitis has become one of the most frequently diagnosed conditions in goat farms, with significant economic impact on the dairy industry. Inflammation of the mammary gland poses serious consequences on milk composition, with changes regarding biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7693667/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33114454 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110882 |
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author | Novac, Cristiana S. Andrei, Sanda |
author_facet | Novac, Cristiana S. Andrei, Sanda |
author_sort | Novac, Cristiana S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Goat mastitis has become one of the most frequently diagnosed conditions in goat farms, with significant economic impact on the dairy industry. Inflammation of the mammary gland poses serious consequences on milk composition, with changes regarding biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers. The aim of this paper is to present the most recent knowledge on the main biochemical changes that occur in the mastitic milk, as well as the overall effect of the oxidative and nitrosative stress on milk components, focusing on both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant markers. Mastitis in goats is responsible for a decrease in milk production, change in protein content with pronounced casein hydrolysis, and reduction in lactose concentration and milk fat. Milk enzymatic activity also undergoes changes, regarding indigenous enzymes and those involved in milk synthesis. Furthermore, during mastitis, both the electrical conductivity and the milk somatic cell count are increased. Intramammary infections are associated with a reduced milk antioxidant capacity and changes in catalase, lactoperoxidase, glutathione peroxidase or superoxide dismutase activity, as well as reduced antioxidant vitamin content. Mastitis is also correlated with an increase in the concentration of nitric oxide, nitrite, nitrate and other oxidation compounds, leading to the occurrence of nitrosative stress. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7693667 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76936672020-11-28 The Impact of Mastitis on the Biochemical Parameters, Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Markers in Goat’s Milk: A Review Novac, Cristiana S. Andrei, Sanda Pathogens Review Goat mastitis has become one of the most frequently diagnosed conditions in goat farms, with significant economic impact on the dairy industry. Inflammation of the mammary gland poses serious consequences on milk composition, with changes regarding biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers. The aim of this paper is to present the most recent knowledge on the main biochemical changes that occur in the mastitic milk, as well as the overall effect of the oxidative and nitrosative stress on milk components, focusing on both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant markers. Mastitis in goats is responsible for a decrease in milk production, change in protein content with pronounced casein hydrolysis, and reduction in lactose concentration and milk fat. Milk enzymatic activity also undergoes changes, regarding indigenous enzymes and those involved in milk synthesis. Furthermore, during mastitis, both the electrical conductivity and the milk somatic cell count are increased. Intramammary infections are associated with a reduced milk antioxidant capacity and changes in catalase, lactoperoxidase, glutathione peroxidase or superoxide dismutase activity, as well as reduced antioxidant vitamin content. Mastitis is also correlated with an increase in the concentration of nitric oxide, nitrite, nitrate and other oxidation compounds, leading to the occurrence of nitrosative stress. MDPI 2020-10-24 /pmc/articles/PMC7693667/ /pubmed/33114454 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110882 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Novac, Cristiana S. Andrei, Sanda The Impact of Mastitis on the Biochemical Parameters, Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Markers in Goat’s Milk: A Review |
title | The Impact of Mastitis on the Biochemical Parameters, Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Markers in Goat’s Milk: A Review |
title_full | The Impact of Mastitis on the Biochemical Parameters, Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Markers in Goat’s Milk: A Review |
title_fullStr | The Impact of Mastitis on the Biochemical Parameters, Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Markers in Goat’s Milk: A Review |
title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Mastitis on the Biochemical Parameters, Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Markers in Goat’s Milk: A Review |
title_short | The Impact of Mastitis on the Biochemical Parameters, Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Markers in Goat’s Milk: A Review |
title_sort | impact of mastitis on the biochemical parameters, oxidative and nitrosative stress markers in goat’s milk: a review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7693667/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33114454 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110882 |
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