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Biological and Pharmacological Potential of Xylitol: A Molecular Insight of Unique Metabolism

Xylitol is a white crystalline, amorphous sugar alcohol and low-calorie sweetener. Xylitol prevents demineralization of teeth and bones, otitis media infection, respiratory tract infections, inflammation and cancer progression. NADPH generated in xylitol metabolism aid in the treatment of glucose-6-...

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Autores principales: Ahuja, Vishal, Macho, Markéta, Ewe, Daniela, Singh, Manoj, Saha, Subhasish, Saurav, Kumar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7693686/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33147854
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9111592
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author Ahuja, Vishal
Macho, Markéta
Ewe, Daniela
Singh, Manoj
Saha, Subhasish
Saurav, Kumar
author_facet Ahuja, Vishal
Macho, Markéta
Ewe, Daniela
Singh, Manoj
Saha, Subhasish
Saurav, Kumar
author_sort Ahuja, Vishal
collection PubMed
description Xylitol is a white crystalline, amorphous sugar alcohol and low-calorie sweetener. Xylitol prevents demineralization of teeth and bones, otitis media infection, respiratory tract infections, inflammation and cancer progression. NADPH generated in xylitol metabolism aid in the treatment of glucose-6-phosphate deficiency-associated hemolytic anemia. Moreover, it has a negligible effect on blood glucose and plasma insulin levels due to its unique metabolism. Its diverse applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food and polymer industries fueled its market growth and made it one of the top 12 bio-products. Recently, xylitol has also been used as a drug carrier due to its high permeability and non-toxic nature. However, it become a challenge to fulfil the rapidly increasing market demand of xylitol. Xylitol is present in fruit and vegetables, but at very low concentrations, which is not adequate to satisfy the consumer demand. With the passage of time, other methods including chemical catalysis, microbial and enzymatic biotransformation, have also been developed for its large-scale production. Nevertheless, large scale production still suffers from high cost of production. In this review, we summarize some alternative approaches and recent advancements that significantly improve the yield and lower the cost of production.
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spelling pubmed-76936862020-11-28 Biological and Pharmacological Potential of Xylitol: A Molecular Insight of Unique Metabolism Ahuja, Vishal Macho, Markéta Ewe, Daniela Singh, Manoj Saha, Subhasish Saurav, Kumar Foods Review Xylitol is a white crystalline, amorphous sugar alcohol and low-calorie sweetener. Xylitol prevents demineralization of teeth and bones, otitis media infection, respiratory tract infections, inflammation and cancer progression. NADPH generated in xylitol metabolism aid in the treatment of glucose-6-phosphate deficiency-associated hemolytic anemia. Moreover, it has a negligible effect on blood glucose and plasma insulin levels due to its unique metabolism. Its diverse applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food and polymer industries fueled its market growth and made it one of the top 12 bio-products. Recently, xylitol has also been used as a drug carrier due to its high permeability and non-toxic nature. However, it become a challenge to fulfil the rapidly increasing market demand of xylitol. Xylitol is present in fruit and vegetables, but at very low concentrations, which is not adequate to satisfy the consumer demand. With the passage of time, other methods including chemical catalysis, microbial and enzymatic biotransformation, have also been developed for its large-scale production. Nevertheless, large scale production still suffers from high cost of production. In this review, we summarize some alternative approaches and recent advancements that significantly improve the yield and lower the cost of production. MDPI 2020-11-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7693686/ /pubmed/33147854 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9111592 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ahuja, Vishal
Macho, Markéta
Ewe, Daniela
Singh, Manoj
Saha, Subhasish
Saurav, Kumar
Biological and Pharmacological Potential of Xylitol: A Molecular Insight of Unique Metabolism
title Biological and Pharmacological Potential of Xylitol: A Molecular Insight of Unique Metabolism
title_full Biological and Pharmacological Potential of Xylitol: A Molecular Insight of Unique Metabolism
title_fullStr Biological and Pharmacological Potential of Xylitol: A Molecular Insight of Unique Metabolism
title_full_unstemmed Biological and Pharmacological Potential of Xylitol: A Molecular Insight of Unique Metabolism
title_short Biological and Pharmacological Potential of Xylitol: A Molecular Insight of Unique Metabolism
title_sort biological and pharmacological potential of xylitol: a molecular insight of unique metabolism
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7693686/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33147854
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9111592
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