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Strategies for Assessing Arbovirus Genetic Variability in Vectors and/or Mammals

Animal arboviruses replicate in their invertebrate vectors and vertebrate hosts. They use several strategies to ensure replication/transmission. Their high mutation rates and propensity to generate recombinants and/or genome segment reassortments help them adapt to new hosts/emerge in new geographic...

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Autores principales: Migné, Camille Victoire, Moutailler, Sara, Attoui, Houssam
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7694381/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33167317
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110915
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author Migné, Camille Victoire
Moutailler, Sara
Attoui, Houssam
author_facet Migné, Camille Victoire
Moutailler, Sara
Attoui, Houssam
author_sort Migné, Camille Victoire
collection PubMed
description Animal arboviruses replicate in their invertebrate vectors and vertebrate hosts. They use several strategies to ensure replication/transmission. Their high mutation rates and propensity to generate recombinants and/or genome segment reassortments help them adapt to new hosts/emerge in new geographical areas. Studying arbovirus genetic variability has been used to identify indicators which predict their potential to adapt to new hosts and/or emergence and in particular quasi-species. Multiple studies conducted with insect-borne viruses laid the foundations for the “trade-off” hypothesis (alternation of host transmission cycle constrains arbovirus evolution). It was extrapolated to tick-borne viruses, where too few studies have been conducted, even though humans faced emergence of numerous tick-borne virus during the last decades. There is a paucity of information regarding genetic variability of these viruses. In addition, insects and ticks do not have similar lifecycles/lifestyles. Indeed, tick-borne viruses are longer associated with their vectors due to tick lifespan. The objectives of this review are: (i) to describe the state of the art for all strategies developed to study genetic variability of insect-borne viruses both in vitro and in vivo and potential applications to tick-borne viruses; and (ii) to highlight the specificities of arboviruses and vectors as a complex and diverse system.
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spelling pubmed-76943812020-11-28 Strategies for Assessing Arbovirus Genetic Variability in Vectors and/or Mammals Migné, Camille Victoire Moutailler, Sara Attoui, Houssam Pathogens Review Animal arboviruses replicate in their invertebrate vectors and vertebrate hosts. They use several strategies to ensure replication/transmission. Their high mutation rates and propensity to generate recombinants and/or genome segment reassortments help them adapt to new hosts/emerge in new geographical areas. Studying arbovirus genetic variability has been used to identify indicators which predict their potential to adapt to new hosts and/or emergence and in particular quasi-species. Multiple studies conducted with insect-borne viruses laid the foundations for the “trade-off” hypothesis (alternation of host transmission cycle constrains arbovirus evolution). It was extrapolated to tick-borne viruses, where too few studies have been conducted, even though humans faced emergence of numerous tick-borne virus during the last decades. There is a paucity of information regarding genetic variability of these viruses. In addition, insects and ticks do not have similar lifecycles/lifestyles. Indeed, tick-borne viruses are longer associated with their vectors due to tick lifespan. The objectives of this review are: (i) to describe the state of the art for all strategies developed to study genetic variability of insect-borne viruses both in vitro and in vivo and potential applications to tick-borne viruses; and (ii) to highlight the specificities of arboviruses and vectors as a complex and diverse system. MDPI 2020-11-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7694381/ /pubmed/33167317 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110915 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Migné, Camille Victoire
Moutailler, Sara
Attoui, Houssam
Strategies for Assessing Arbovirus Genetic Variability in Vectors and/or Mammals
title Strategies for Assessing Arbovirus Genetic Variability in Vectors and/or Mammals
title_full Strategies for Assessing Arbovirus Genetic Variability in Vectors and/or Mammals
title_fullStr Strategies for Assessing Arbovirus Genetic Variability in Vectors and/or Mammals
title_full_unstemmed Strategies for Assessing Arbovirus Genetic Variability in Vectors and/or Mammals
title_short Strategies for Assessing Arbovirus Genetic Variability in Vectors and/or Mammals
title_sort strategies for assessing arbovirus genetic variability in vectors and/or mammals
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7694381/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33167317
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110915
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