The putative sensor histidine kinase PhcK is required for the full expression of phcA encoding the global transcriptional regulator to drive the quorum‐sensing circuit of Ralstonia solanacearum strain OE1‐1

A gram‐negative plant‐pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum strain OE1‐1 produces and extracellularly secretes methyl 3‐hydroxymyristate (3‐OH MAME), and senses the chemical as a quorum‐sensing (QS) signal, activating QS. During QS a functional global transcriptional regulator PhcA, through the 3‐OH MAME‐dependent two‐component system, induces the production of virulence factors including a major extracellular polysaccharide EPS I and ralfuranone. To elucidate the mechanisms of phcA regulation underlying the QS system, among Tn5‐mutants from the strain OE1‐1, we identified a mutant of RSc1351 gene (phcK), encoding a putative sensor histidine kinase, that exhibited significantly decreased QS‐dependent cell aggregation. We generated a phcK‐deletion mutant (ΔphcK) that produced significantly less EPS I and ralfuranone than the wild‐type strain OE1‐1. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR assays showed that the phcA expression level was significantly down‐regulated in the ΔphcK mutant but not in other QS mutants. The transcriptome data generated with RNA sequencing technology revealed that the expression levels of 88.2% of the PhcA‐positively regulated genes were down‐regulated in the ΔphcK mutant, whereas the expression levels of 85.9% of the PhcA‐negatively regulated genes were up‐regulated. Additionally, the native phcK‐expressing complemented ΔphcK strain and the ΔphcK mutant transformed with phcA controlled by a constitutive promoter recovered their cell aggregation phenotypes. Considered together, the results of this study indicate that phcK is required for full phcA expression, thereby driving the QS circuit of R. solanacearum strain OE1‐1. This is the first report of the phcA transcriptional regulation of R. solanacearum.