Cargando…

Comparative Studies of Polysialic Acids Derived from Five Different Vertebrate Brains

Polysialic acid (polySia/PSA) is a linear homopolymer of sialic acid (Sia) that primarily modifies the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in mammalian brains. PolySia-NCAM not only displays an anti-adhesive function due to the hydration effect, but also possesses a molecule-retaining function via...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Yang, Yi, Murai, Ryo, Takahashi, Yuka, Mori, Airi, Hane, Masaya, Kitajima, Ken, Sato, Chihiro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7696247/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33202622
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228593
_version_ 1783615366476333056
author Yang, Yi
Murai, Ryo
Takahashi, Yuka
Mori, Airi
Hane, Masaya
Kitajima, Ken
Sato, Chihiro
author_facet Yang, Yi
Murai, Ryo
Takahashi, Yuka
Mori, Airi
Hane, Masaya
Kitajima, Ken
Sato, Chihiro
author_sort Yang, Yi
collection PubMed
description Polysialic acid (polySia/PSA) is a linear homopolymer of sialic acid (Sia) that primarily modifies the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in mammalian brains. PolySia-NCAM not only displays an anti-adhesive function due to the hydration effect, but also possesses a molecule-retaining function via a direct binding to neurologically active molecules. The quality and quantity of polySia determine the function of polySia-NCAM and are considered to be profoundly related to the maintenance of normal brain functions. In this study, to compare the structures of polySia-NCAM in brains of five different vertebrates (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish), we adopted newly developed combinational methods for the analyses. The results revealed that the structural features of polySia considerably varied among different species. Interestingly, mice, as a mammal, possess eminently distinct types of polySia, in both quality and quantity, compared with those possessed by other animals. Thus, the mouse polySia is of larger quantities, of longer and more diverse chain lengths, and of a larger molecular size with higher negative charge, compared with polySia of other species. These properties might enable more advanced brain function. Additionally, it is suggested that the polySia/Sia ratio, which likely reflects the complexity of brain function, can be used as a new promising index to evaluate the intelligence of different vertebrate brains.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7696247
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-76962472020-11-29 Comparative Studies of Polysialic Acids Derived from Five Different Vertebrate Brains Yang, Yi Murai, Ryo Takahashi, Yuka Mori, Airi Hane, Masaya Kitajima, Ken Sato, Chihiro Int J Mol Sci Article Polysialic acid (polySia/PSA) is a linear homopolymer of sialic acid (Sia) that primarily modifies the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in mammalian brains. PolySia-NCAM not only displays an anti-adhesive function due to the hydration effect, but also possesses a molecule-retaining function via a direct binding to neurologically active molecules. The quality and quantity of polySia determine the function of polySia-NCAM and are considered to be profoundly related to the maintenance of normal brain functions. In this study, to compare the structures of polySia-NCAM in brains of five different vertebrates (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish), we adopted newly developed combinational methods for the analyses. The results revealed that the structural features of polySia considerably varied among different species. Interestingly, mice, as a mammal, possess eminently distinct types of polySia, in both quality and quantity, compared with those possessed by other animals. Thus, the mouse polySia is of larger quantities, of longer and more diverse chain lengths, and of a larger molecular size with higher negative charge, compared with polySia of other species. These properties might enable more advanced brain function. Additionally, it is suggested that the polySia/Sia ratio, which likely reflects the complexity of brain function, can be used as a new promising index to evaluate the intelligence of different vertebrate brains. MDPI 2020-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7696247/ /pubmed/33202622 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228593 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Yang, Yi
Murai, Ryo
Takahashi, Yuka
Mori, Airi
Hane, Masaya
Kitajima, Ken
Sato, Chihiro
Comparative Studies of Polysialic Acids Derived from Five Different Vertebrate Brains
title Comparative Studies of Polysialic Acids Derived from Five Different Vertebrate Brains
title_full Comparative Studies of Polysialic Acids Derived from Five Different Vertebrate Brains
title_fullStr Comparative Studies of Polysialic Acids Derived from Five Different Vertebrate Brains
title_full_unstemmed Comparative Studies of Polysialic Acids Derived from Five Different Vertebrate Brains
title_short Comparative Studies of Polysialic Acids Derived from Five Different Vertebrate Brains
title_sort comparative studies of polysialic acids derived from five different vertebrate brains
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7696247/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33202622
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228593
work_keys_str_mv AT yangyi comparativestudiesofpolysialicacidsderivedfromfivedifferentvertebratebrains
AT murairyo comparativestudiesofpolysialicacidsderivedfromfivedifferentvertebratebrains
AT takahashiyuka comparativestudiesofpolysialicacidsderivedfromfivedifferentvertebratebrains
AT moriairi comparativestudiesofpolysialicacidsderivedfromfivedifferentvertebratebrains
AT hanemasaya comparativestudiesofpolysialicacidsderivedfromfivedifferentvertebratebrains
AT kitajimaken comparativestudiesofpolysialicacidsderivedfromfivedifferentvertebratebrains
AT satochihiro comparativestudiesofpolysialicacidsderivedfromfivedifferentvertebratebrains