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Encapsulation of Activated Carbon into a Hollow-Type Spherical Bacterial Cellulose Gel and Its Indole-Adsorption Ability Aimed at Kidney Failure Treatment
For reducing side effects and improvement of swallowing, we studied the encapsulation of activated carbon formulations with a hollow-type spherical bacterial cellulose (HSBC) gel using two kinds of encapsulating methods: Methods A and B. In Method A, the BC gelatinous membrane was biosynthesized usi...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7696591/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33187079 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111076 |
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author | Hoshi, Toru Endo, Masahito Hirai, Aya Suzuki, Masashige Aoyagi, Takao |
author_facet | Hoshi, Toru Endo, Masahito Hirai, Aya Suzuki, Masashige Aoyagi, Takao |
author_sort | Hoshi, Toru |
collection | PubMed |
description | For reducing side effects and improvement of swallowing, we studied the encapsulation of activated carbon formulations with a hollow-type spherical bacterial cellulose (HSBC) gel using two kinds of encapsulating methods: Methods A and B. In Method A, the BC gelatinous membrane was biosynthesized using Komagataeibacter xylinus (K. xylinus) at the interface between the silicone oil and cell suspension containing activated carbon. In Method B, the bacterial cellulose (BC) gelatinous membrane was formed at the interface between the cell suspension attached to the alginate gel containing activated carbon and the silicone oil. After the BC gelatinous membrane was biosynthesized by K. xylnus, alginate gel was removed by soaking in a phosphate buffer. The activated carbon encapsulated these methods could neither pass through the BC gelatinous membrane of the HSBC gel nor leak from the interior cavity of the HSBC gel. The adsorption ability was evaluated using indole, which is a precursor of the uremic causative agent. From curve-fitting, the adsorption process followed the pseudo-first-order and intra-particle diffusion models, and the diffusion of the indole molecules at the surface of the encapsulated activated carbon within the HSBC gel was dominant at the initial stage of adsorption. It was observed that the adsorption of the encapsulated activated carbon by the intraparticle diffusion process became dominant with longer adsorption times. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7696591 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76965912020-11-29 Encapsulation of Activated Carbon into a Hollow-Type Spherical Bacterial Cellulose Gel and Its Indole-Adsorption Ability Aimed at Kidney Failure Treatment Hoshi, Toru Endo, Masahito Hirai, Aya Suzuki, Masashige Aoyagi, Takao Pharmaceutics Article For reducing side effects and improvement of swallowing, we studied the encapsulation of activated carbon formulations with a hollow-type spherical bacterial cellulose (HSBC) gel using two kinds of encapsulating methods: Methods A and B. In Method A, the BC gelatinous membrane was biosynthesized using Komagataeibacter xylinus (K. xylinus) at the interface between the silicone oil and cell suspension containing activated carbon. In Method B, the bacterial cellulose (BC) gelatinous membrane was formed at the interface between the cell suspension attached to the alginate gel containing activated carbon and the silicone oil. After the BC gelatinous membrane was biosynthesized by K. xylnus, alginate gel was removed by soaking in a phosphate buffer. The activated carbon encapsulated these methods could neither pass through the BC gelatinous membrane of the HSBC gel nor leak from the interior cavity of the HSBC gel. The adsorption ability was evaluated using indole, which is a precursor of the uremic causative agent. From curve-fitting, the adsorption process followed the pseudo-first-order and intra-particle diffusion models, and the diffusion of the indole molecules at the surface of the encapsulated activated carbon within the HSBC gel was dominant at the initial stage of adsorption. It was observed that the adsorption of the encapsulated activated carbon by the intraparticle diffusion process became dominant with longer adsorption times. MDPI 2020-11-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7696591/ /pubmed/33187079 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111076 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hoshi, Toru Endo, Masahito Hirai, Aya Suzuki, Masashige Aoyagi, Takao Encapsulation of Activated Carbon into a Hollow-Type Spherical Bacterial Cellulose Gel and Its Indole-Adsorption Ability Aimed at Kidney Failure Treatment |
title | Encapsulation of Activated Carbon into a Hollow-Type Spherical Bacterial Cellulose Gel and Its Indole-Adsorption Ability Aimed at Kidney Failure Treatment |
title_full | Encapsulation of Activated Carbon into a Hollow-Type Spherical Bacterial Cellulose Gel and Its Indole-Adsorption Ability Aimed at Kidney Failure Treatment |
title_fullStr | Encapsulation of Activated Carbon into a Hollow-Type Spherical Bacterial Cellulose Gel and Its Indole-Adsorption Ability Aimed at Kidney Failure Treatment |
title_full_unstemmed | Encapsulation of Activated Carbon into a Hollow-Type Spherical Bacterial Cellulose Gel and Its Indole-Adsorption Ability Aimed at Kidney Failure Treatment |
title_short | Encapsulation of Activated Carbon into a Hollow-Type Spherical Bacterial Cellulose Gel and Its Indole-Adsorption Ability Aimed at Kidney Failure Treatment |
title_sort | encapsulation of activated carbon into a hollow-type spherical bacterial cellulose gel and its indole-adsorption ability aimed at kidney failure treatment |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7696591/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33187079 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111076 |
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