Cargando…

Encapsulation of Activated Carbon into a Hollow-Type Spherical Bacterial Cellulose Gel and Its Indole-Adsorption Ability Aimed at Kidney Failure Treatment

For reducing side effects and improvement of swallowing, we studied the encapsulation of activated carbon formulations with a hollow-type spherical bacterial cellulose (HSBC) gel using two kinds of encapsulating methods: Methods A and B. In Method A, the BC gelatinous membrane was biosynthesized usi...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Hoshi, Toru, Endo, Masahito, Hirai, Aya, Suzuki, Masashige, Aoyagi, Takao
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7696591/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33187079
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111076
_version_ 1783615440199614464
author Hoshi, Toru
Endo, Masahito
Hirai, Aya
Suzuki, Masashige
Aoyagi, Takao
author_facet Hoshi, Toru
Endo, Masahito
Hirai, Aya
Suzuki, Masashige
Aoyagi, Takao
author_sort Hoshi, Toru
collection PubMed
description For reducing side effects and improvement of swallowing, we studied the encapsulation of activated carbon formulations with a hollow-type spherical bacterial cellulose (HSBC) gel using two kinds of encapsulating methods: Methods A and B. In Method A, the BC gelatinous membrane was biosynthesized using Komagataeibacter xylinus (K. xylinus) at the interface between the silicone oil and cell suspension containing activated carbon. In Method B, the bacterial cellulose (BC) gelatinous membrane was formed at the interface between the cell suspension attached to the alginate gel containing activated carbon and the silicone oil. After the BC gelatinous membrane was biosynthesized by K. xylnus, alginate gel was removed by soaking in a phosphate buffer. The activated carbon encapsulated these methods could neither pass through the BC gelatinous membrane of the HSBC gel nor leak from the interior cavity of the HSBC gel. The adsorption ability was evaluated using indole, which is a precursor of the uremic causative agent. From curve-fitting, the adsorption process followed the pseudo-first-order and intra-particle diffusion models, and the diffusion of the indole molecules at the surface of the encapsulated activated carbon within the HSBC gel was dominant at the initial stage of adsorption. It was observed that the adsorption of the encapsulated activated carbon by the intraparticle diffusion process became dominant with longer adsorption times.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7696591
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-76965912020-11-29 Encapsulation of Activated Carbon into a Hollow-Type Spherical Bacterial Cellulose Gel and Its Indole-Adsorption Ability Aimed at Kidney Failure Treatment Hoshi, Toru Endo, Masahito Hirai, Aya Suzuki, Masashige Aoyagi, Takao Pharmaceutics Article For reducing side effects and improvement of swallowing, we studied the encapsulation of activated carbon formulations with a hollow-type spherical bacterial cellulose (HSBC) gel using two kinds of encapsulating methods: Methods A and B. In Method A, the BC gelatinous membrane was biosynthesized using Komagataeibacter xylinus (K. xylinus) at the interface between the silicone oil and cell suspension containing activated carbon. In Method B, the bacterial cellulose (BC) gelatinous membrane was formed at the interface between the cell suspension attached to the alginate gel containing activated carbon and the silicone oil. After the BC gelatinous membrane was biosynthesized by K. xylnus, alginate gel was removed by soaking in a phosphate buffer. The activated carbon encapsulated these methods could neither pass through the BC gelatinous membrane of the HSBC gel nor leak from the interior cavity of the HSBC gel. The adsorption ability was evaluated using indole, which is a precursor of the uremic causative agent. From curve-fitting, the adsorption process followed the pseudo-first-order and intra-particle diffusion models, and the diffusion of the indole molecules at the surface of the encapsulated activated carbon within the HSBC gel was dominant at the initial stage of adsorption. It was observed that the adsorption of the encapsulated activated carbon by the intraparticle diffusion process became dominant with longer adsorption times. MDPI 2020-11-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7696591/ /pubmed/33187079 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111076 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Hoshi, Toru
Endo, Masahito
Hirai, Aya
Suzuki, Masashige
Aoyagi, Takao
Encapsulation of Activated Carbon into a Hollow-Type Spherical Bacterial Cellulose Gel and Its Indole-Adsorption Ability Aimed at Kidney Failure Treatment
title Encapsulation of Activated Carbon into a Hollow-Type Spherical Bacterial Cellulose Gel and Its Indole-Adsorption Ability Aimed at Kidney Failure Treatment
title_full Encapsulation of Activated Carbon into a Hollow-Type Spherical Bacterial Cellulose Gel and Its Indole-Adsorption Ability Aimed at Kidney Failure Treatment
title_fullStr Encapsulation of Activated Carbon into a Hollow-Type Spherical Bacterial Cellulose Gel and Its Indole-Adsorption Ability Aimed at Kidney Failure Treatment
title_full_unstemmed Encapsulation of Activated Carbon into a Hollow-Type Spherical Bacterial Cellulose Gel and Its Indole-Adsorption Ability Aimed at Kidney Failure Treatment
title_short Encapsulation of Activated Carbon into a Hollow-Type Spherical Bacterial Cellulose Gel and Its Indole-Adsorption Ability Aimed at Kidney Failure Treatment
title_sort encapsulation of activated carbon into a hollow-type spherical bacterial cellulose gel and its indole-adsorption ability aimed at kidney failure treatment
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7696591/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33187079
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111076
work_keys_str_mv AT hoshitoru encapsulationofactivatedcarbonintoahollowtypesphericalbacterialcellulosegelanditsindoleadsorptionabilityaimedatkidneyfailuretreatment
AT endomasahito encapsulationofactivatedcarbonintoahollowtypesphericalbacterialcellulosegelanditsindoleadsorptionabilityaimedatkidneyfailuretreatment
AT hiraiaya encapsulationofactivatedcarbonintoahollowtypesphericalbacterialcellulosegelanditsindoleadsorptionabilityaimedatkidneyfailuretreatment
AT suzukimasashige encapsulationofactivatedcarbonintoahollowtypesphericalbacterialcellulosegelanditsindoleadsorptionabilityaimedatkidneyfailuretreatment
AT aoyagitakao encapsulationofactivatedcarbonintoahollowtypesphericalbacterialcellulosegelanditsindoleadsorptionabilityaimedatkidneyfailuretreatment