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Amorphous Polymers’ Foaming and Blends with Organic Foaming-Aid Structured Additives in Supercritical CO(2), a Way to Fabricate Porous Polymers from Macro to Nano Porosities in Batch or Continuous Processes
Organic polymers can be made porous via continuous or discontinuous expansion processes in scCO(2). The resulting foams properties are controlled by the interplay of three groups of parameters: (i) Chemical, (ii) physico-chemical, and (iii) technological/process that are explained in this paper. The...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7696767/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33202668 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225320 |
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author | Haurat, Margaux Dumon, Michel |
author_facet | Haurat, Margaux Dumon, Michel |
author_sort | Haurat, Margaux |
collection | PubMed |
description | Organic polymers can be made porous via continuous or discontinuous expansion processes in scCO(2). The resulting foams properties are controlled by the interplay of three groups of parameters: (i) Chemical, (ii) physico-chemical, and (iii) technological/process that are explained in this paper. The advantages and drawbacks of continuous (extrusion, injection foaming) or discontinuous (batch foaming) foaming processes in scCO(2), will be discussed in this article; especially for micro or nano cellular polymers. Indeed, a challenge is to reduce both specific mass (e.g., ρ < 100 kg·m(−3)) and cell size (e.g., average pore diameter ϕ(average)(pores) < 100 nm). Then a particular system where small “objects” (coreshells CS, block copolymer MAM) are perfectly dispersed at a micrometric to nanometric scale in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) will be presented. Such “additives”, considered as foaming aids, are aimed at “regulating” the foaming and lowering the pore size and/or density of PMMA based foams. Differences between these additives will be shown. Finally, in a PMMA/20 wt% MAM blend, via a quasi one-step batch foaming, a “porous to nonporous” transition is observed in thick samples. A lower limit of pore size (around 50 nm) seems to arise. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7696767 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76967672020-11-29 Amorphous Polymers’ Foaming and Blends with Organic Foaming-Aid Structured Additives in Supercritical CO(2), a Way to Fabricate Porous Polymers from Macro to Nano Porosities in Batch or Continuous Processes Haurat, Margaux Dumon, Michel Molecules Article Organic polymers can be made porous via continuous or discontinuous expansion processes in scCO(2). The resulting foams properties are controlled by the interplay of three groups of parameters: (i) Chemical, (ii) physico-chemical, and (iii) technological/process that are explained in this paper. The advantages and drawbacks of continuous (extrusion, injection foaming) or discontinuous (batch foaming) foaming processes in scCO(2), will be discussed in this article; especially for micro or nano cellular polymers. Indeed, a challenge is to reduce both specific mass (e.g., ρ < 100 kg·m(−3)) and cell size (e.g., average pore diameter ϕ(average)(pores) < 100 nm). Then a particular system where small “objects” (coreshells CS, block copolymer MAM) are perfectly dispersed at a micrometric to nanometric scale in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) will be presented. Such “additives”, considered as foaming aids, are aimed at “regulating” the foaming and lowering the pore size and/or density of PMMA based foams. Differences between these additives will be shown. Finally, in a PMMA/20 wt% MAM blend, via a quasi one-step batch foaming, a “porous to nonporous” transition is observed in thick samples. A lower limit of pore size (around 50 nm) seems to arise. MDPI 2020-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7696767/ /pubmed/33202668 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225320 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Haurat, Margaux Dumon, Michel Amorphous Polymers’ Foaming and Blends with Organic Foaming-Aid Structured Additives in Supercritical CO(2), a Way to Fabricate Porous Polymers from Macro to Nano Porosities in Batch or Continuous Processes |
title | Amorphous Polymers’ Foaming and Blends with Organic Foaming-Aid Structured Additives in Supercritical CO(2), a Way to Fabricate Porous Polymers from Macro to Nano Porosities in Batch or Continuous Processes |
title_full | Amorphous Polymers’ Foaming and Blends with Organic Foaming-Aid Structured Additives in Supercritical CO(2), a Way to Fabricate Porous Polymers from Macro to Nano Porosities in Batch or Continuous Processes |
title_fullStr | Amorphous Polymers’ Foaming and Blends with Organic Foaming-Aid Structured Additives in Supercritical CO(2), a Way to Fabricate Porous Polymers from Macro to Nano Porosities in Batch or Continuous Processes |
title_full_unstemmed | Amorphous Polymers’ Foaming and Blends with Organic Foaming-Aid Structured Additives in Supercritical CO(2), a Way to Fabricate Porous Polymers from Macro to Nano Porosities in Batch or Continuous Processes |
title_short | Amorphous Polymers’ Foaming and Blends with Organic Foaming-Aid Structured Additives in Supercritical CO(2), a Way to Fabricate Porous Polymers from Macro to Nano Porosities in Batch or Continuous Processes |
title_sort | amorphous polymers’ foaming and blends with organic foaming-aid structured additives in supercritical co(2), a way to fabricate porous polymers from macro to nano porosities in batch or continuous processes |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7696767/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33202668 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225320 |
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