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The Turnera Style S-Locus Gene TsBAHD Possesses Brassinosteroid-Inactivating Activity When Expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana

Heterostyly distinct hermaphroditic floral morphs enforce outbreeding. Morphs differ structurally, promote cross-pollination, and physiologically block self-fertilization. In Turnera the self-incompatibility (S)-locus controlling heterostyly possesses three genes specific to short-styled morph genom...

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Autores principales: Matzke, Courtney M., Shore, Joel S., Neff, Michael M., McCubbin, Andrew G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7697239/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33202834
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111566
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author Matzke, Courtney M.
Shore, Joel S.
Neff, Michael M.
McCubbin, Andrew G.
author_facet Matzke, Courtney M.
Shore, Joel S.
Neff, Michael M.
McCubbin, Andrew G.
author_sort Matzke, Courtney M.
collection PubMed
description Heterostyly distinct hermaphroditic floral morphs enforce outbreeding. Morphs differ structurally, promote cross-pollination, and physiologically block self-fertilization. In Turnera the self-incompatibility (S)-locus controlling heterostyly possesses three genes specific to short-styled morph genomes. Only one gene, TsBAHD, is expressed in pistils and this has been hypothesized to possess brassinosteroid (BR)-inactivating activity. We tested this hypothesis using heterologous expression in Arabidopsis thaliana as a bioassay, thereby assessing growth phenotype, and the impacts on the expression of endogenous genes involved in BR homeostasis and seedling photomorphogenesis. Transgenic A. thaliana expressing TsBAHD displayed phenotypes typical of BR-deficient mutants, with phenotype severity dependent on TsBAHD expression level. BAS1, which encodes an enzyme involved in BR inactivation, was downregulated in TsBAHD-expressing lines. CPD and DWF, which encode enzymes involved in BR biosynthesis, were upregulated. Hypocotyl growth of TsBAHD dwarfs responded to application of brassinolide in light and dark in a manner typical of plants over-expressing genes encoding BR-inactivating activity. These results provide empirical support for the hypothesis that TsBAHD possesses BR-inactivating activity. Further this suggests that style length in Turnera is controlled by the same mechanism (BR inactivation) as that reported for Primula, but using a different class of enzyme. This reveals interesting convergent evolution in a biochemical mechanism to regulate floral form in heterostyly.
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spelling pubmed-76972392020-11-29 The Turnera Style S-Locus Gene TsBAHD Possesses Brassinosteroid-Inactivating Activity When Expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana Matzke, Courtney M. Shore, Joel S. Neff, Michael M. McCubbin, Andrew G. Plants (Basel) Article Heterostyly distinct hermaphroditic floral morphs enforce outbreeding. Morphs differ structurally, promote cross-pollination, and physiologically block self-fertilization. In Turnera the self-incompatibility (S)-locus controlling heterostyly possesses three genes specific to short-styled morph genomes. Only one gene, TsBAHD, is expressed in pistils and this has been hypothesized to possess brassinosteroid (BR)-inactivating activity. We tested this hypothesis using heterologous expression in Arabidopsis thaliana as a bioassay, thereby assessing growth phenotype, and the impacts on the expression of endogenous genes involved in BR homeostasis and seedling photomorphogenesis. Transgenic A. thaliana expressing TsBAHD displayed phenotypes typical of BR-deficient mutants, with phenotype severity dependent on TsBAHD expression level. BAS1, which encodes an enzyme involved in BR inactivation, was downregulated in TsBAHD-expressing lines. CPD and DWF, which encode enzymes involved in BR biosynthesis, were upregulated. Hypocotyl growth of TsBAHD dwarfs responded to application of brassinolide in light and dark in a manner typical of plants over-expressing genes encoding BR-inactivating activity. These results provide empirical support for the hypothesis that TsBAHD possesses BR-inactivating activity. Further this suggests that style length in Turnera is controlled by the same mechanism (BR inactivation) as that reported for Primula, but using a different class of enzyme. This reveals interesting convergent evolution in a biochemical mechanism to regulate floral form in heterostyly. MDPI 2020-11-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7697239/ /pubmed/33202834 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111566 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Matzke, Courtney M.
Shore, Joel S.
Neff, Michael M.
McCubbin, Andrew G.
The Turnera Style S-Locus Gene TsBAHD Possesses Brassinosteroid-Inactivating Activity When Expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana
title The Turnera Style S-Locus Gene TsBAHD Possesses Brassinosteroid-Inactivating Activity When Expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana
title_full The Turnera Style S-Locus Gene TsBAHD Possesses Brassinosteroid-Inactivating Activity When Expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana
title_fullStr The Turnera Style S-Locus Gene TsBAHD Possesses Brassinosteroid-Inactivating Activity When Expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana
title_full_unstemmed The Turnera Style S-Locus Gene TsBAHD Possesses Brassinosteroid-Inactivating Activity When Expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana
title_short The Turnera Style S-Locus Gene TsBAHD Possesses Brassinosteroid-Inactivating Activity When Expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana
title_sort turnera style s-locus gene tsbahd possesses brassinosteroid-inactivating activity when expressed in arabidopsis thaliana
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7697239/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33202834
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111566
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